{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:23:30Z","timestamp":1787063010979,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"30","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004728","name":"VIT University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SG20240109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SG20240109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004728","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Antifouling refers to the prevention of unwanted accumulation of biological materials, such as microorganisms, plants, algae, or animals, on the surfaces that are exposed to water or biological environments. Fouling decreases the lifespan of the material, whereas in the case of biological materials, it increases the chances of implant-related infections due to the deposition of proteins, cell attachment, or bacterial film formation. Surface functionalization, which may be mediated by the macromolecules present in biological media, is crucial in regulating biodegradation, cytotoxicity, and biodistribution. Several proteins that result in the creation of coated nanoparticles known as protein corona provide a classic example. This article discusses the synthesis of the hydrophilic poly(3-sulfopropylmethacrylate potassium salt) (PSPMAK) polymer brush with oxygen-tolerant Activators Regenerated by Electron Transfer Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ARGET ATRP) method. The antifouling nature was studied using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein and its interaction was studied using spectroscopic techniques. The surface of the silica nanoparticle was functionalized with the PSPMAK polymer brush by the \u201cgrafting-from\u201d method, giving it the antifouling property.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c11713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T23:42:51Z","timestamp":1784763771000},"page":"44646-44656","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Grafting of PSPMA\nPolymer Brushes onto Silica Nanoparticles\nby ARGET ATRP for Antifouling Enhancement with BSA"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mittal Gunjan","family":"Lokesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) , , , ,","place":["Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, 632014"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3350-8575","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amit Kumar","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) , , , ,","place":["Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, 632014"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026080409254161900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1134\/S1061933X24601082","article-title":"Surface Modifiers for Reducing Bacterial\nContamination in Medicine and Food Industry","volume":"87","author":"Cherednichenko","year":"2025","journal-title":"Colloid J."},{"key":"2026080409254161900_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3314","DOI":"10.1021\/la062670","article-title":"Synthesis and Characterization of\nPoly(3-Sulfopropylmethacrylate) Brushes for Potential Antibacterial\nApplications","volume":"23","author":"Ramstedt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"issue":"34","key":"2026080409254161900_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2013.07.089","article-title":"A Review of the Biomaterials Technologies\nfor Infection-Resistant Surfaces","volume":"34","author":"Campoccia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026080409254161900_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29051172","article-title":"Recent Advances in Antibacterial Coatings to Combat\nOrthopedic Implant-Associated Infections","volume":"29","author":"Akay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026080409254161900_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s11998-025-01123-6","article-title":"Strategies and Challenges in Marine Antifouling Coatings: Current\nInnovations and Future Outlook","volume":"23","author":"Hao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Coat. Technol.\nRes."},{"key":"2026080409254161900_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jfm.2021.23","article-title":"The Interaction of a Particle and\na Polymer Brush Coating\na Permeable Surface","volume":"913","author":"Offner","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Fluid Mech."},{"issue":"47","key":"2026080409254161900_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21459","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.9b03980","article-title":"Enhanced Stability\nof Poly(3-Sulfopropyl Methacrylate Potassium) Brushes Coated on Artificial\nImplants in Combatting Bacterial Infections","volume":"58","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"2026080409254161900_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2020.109845","article-title":"Cu2+-Doping of Polyanionic\nBrushes: A Facile Route\nto Prepare Implant Coatings with Both Antifouling and Antibacterial\nProperties","volume":"134","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"issue":"26","key":"2026080409254161900_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202204410","article-title":"Repeatedly Regenerating Mechanically\nRobust Polymer Brushes from Persistent Initiator Coating (PIC)","volume":"61","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026080409254161900_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1002\/bkcs.12256","article-title":"Formation of Various\nPolymeric Films via Surface-Initiated ARGET ATRP on Silicon Substrates","volume":"42","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bull. Korean Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026080409254161900_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9255","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b01530","article-title":"Achieving\nUltralow Fouling under Ambient Conditions via Surface-Initiated ARGET\nATRP of Carboxybetaine","volume":"9","author":"Hong","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. 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Chem.\nRes."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026080409254161900_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6371","DOI":"10.1021\/ma301303b","article-title":"Aqueous ARGET\nATRP","volume":"45","author":"Simakova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080409254161900_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13030602","article-title":"The Potential Impact\nof Antibiotic Exposure on the Microbiome and Human Health","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080409254161900_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15010093","article-title":"From Cure to Crisis:\nUnderstanding the Evolution of\nAntibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Human Microbiota","volume":"15","author":"Tahmasebi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026080409254161900_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10228","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c21168","article-title":"Polymer Brushes on Silica Nanostructures\nPrepared by Aminopropylsilatrane Click Chemistry: Superior Antifouling\nand Biofunctionality","volume":"15","author":"Andersson","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. 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Biomater."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080409254161900_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1039\/D3MA00935A","article-title":"Mixed Polymer Brushes\nfor Controlled Protein Adsorption:\nState of the Art and Future Prospective","volume":"5","author":"Atif","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater.\nAdv."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080409254161900_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42382","DOI":"10.26717\/BJSTR.2023.51.008057","article-title":"Biomedical Applications of Silica (SiO2) Nanoparticles","volume":"51","author":"Maria Anna","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. J. Sci. Technol. 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Mater."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026080409254161900_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9121683","article-title":"Ultra-Stable\nSilica Nanoparticles as Nano-Plugging Additive for Shale Exploitation\nin Harsh Environments","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026080409254161900_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3618","DOI":"10.1039\/D4TB02217C","article-title":"Temperature-Responsive Properties\nof PH-Sensitive Poly(Methacrylic Acid)-Grafted Brush Coatings with\nControlled Wettability for Cell Culture","volume":"13","author":"Lishchynskyi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J.\nMater. Chem. 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Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080409254161900_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1021\/la063003j","article-title":"Surface ATRP\nof Hydrophilic Monomers from Ultrafine Aqueous Silica Sols Using Anionic\nPolyelectrolytic Macroinitiators","volume":"23","author":"Vo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026080409254161900_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.03.106","article-title":"Bio-Inspired Method for Preparation of Multiwall Carbon\nNanotubes Decorated Superhydrophilic Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Membrane\nfor Oil\/Water Emulsion Separation","volume":"321","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. 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Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080409254161900_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-14630-y","article-title":"Mechanistic Interaction\nStudies of\nSynthesized ZIF-8 Nanoparticles with Bovine Serum Albumin Using Spectroscopic\nand Molecular Docking Approaches","volume":"12","author":"Mittal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026080409254161900_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2013.08.073","article-title":"Spectroscopic Studies on the Interaction of Bovine\nSerum Albumin with Al2O3 Nanoparticles","volume":"145","author":"Rajeshwari","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Lumin."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026080409254161900_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2019.1640131","article-title":"Molecular\nInteractions of MnO2@RGO (Manganese Dioxide-Reduced Graphene Oxide)\nNanocomposites with Bovine Serum Albumin","volume":"38","author":"Baral","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.\nBiomol. Struct. Dyn."},{"key":"2026080409254161900_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.137532","article-title":"Synthesis, Characterisation\nof ZnO@PDA@Ag Nanocomposite: Mechanistic\nInteraction with BSA, Photodegradation Activity & in Vitro Cytotoxicity\nAssay on H1299 Lung Cancer Cell Line","volume":"283","author":"Goel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J.\nBiol. Macromol."},{"key":"2026080409254161900_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceja.2023.100567","article-title":"Exploring the Interactions of Ti3C2Tx, AgNPs, and Ti3C2Tx\/AgNPs\nwith\nHuman Serum Albumin: Insights into Conformational Changes and Biotoxicity\nReduction","volume":"16","author":"Bao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J. Adv."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.5c11713","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/30\/44646\/66160574\/acsomega.5c11713.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/30\/44646\/66160574\/acsomega.5c11713.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:26:01Z","timestamp":1785849961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/30\/44646\/5228075\/Grafting-of-PSPMA-Polymer-Brushes-onto-Silica"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"30","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.5c11713","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]}}}