{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T15:03:10Z","timestamp":1785250990912,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"29","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000161","name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000161","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic exposed critical vulnerabilities in the global supply chain for personal protective equipment (PPE), necessitating effective decontamination methods to enable the safe reuse of scarce resources like N95 respirators and Tyvek suits. While peracetic acid (PAA) is a potent disinfectant, its liquid form presents significant logistical challenges. This study introduces acetylperoxyborate (APB), a stable solid PAA precursor powder, as a novel solution for point-of-use PPE decontamination. APB was synthesized and characterized, demonstrating excellent thermal stability (decomposition &amp;gt; 140 \u00b0C) and retaining over 88% of its PAA content after accelerated aging equivalent to two years at room temperature. Comprehensive toxicity analyses confirmed the absence of residual acetic acid, aldehydes, phenolic compounds, or cytotoxic byproducts on decontaminated PPE. Scanning electron microscopy revealed no structural damage to N95 mask or Tyvek suit fibers after five disinfection cycles. Efficacy was evaluated against T4 bacteriophage, a model for enveloped viruses like SARS-CoV-2. Spray application of a 0.8% (w\/v) APB solution achieved a consistent 3-log reduction (99.9%) in viral activity on PPE surfaces within 5\u201315 min, with efficacy unimpaired by the presence of cosmetic soils. The APB-based method requires no specialized equipment, operating via a simple \u2033dissolve-and-spray\u2033 protocol. These findings position APB powder as a safe, effective, and logistically advantageous decontamination technology, offering a practical strategy for conserving PPE integrity and mitigating supply shortages during future public health crises.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c13653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T23:39:59Z","timestamp":1783985999000},"page":"43177-43186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stable Solid Peracetic\nAcid Precursor for Effective\nDecontamination and Reuse of Personal Protective Equipment"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4040-6182","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vaidehi","family":"Pandit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vuronyx Technologies , 5 Walnut Hill Park , , ,","place":["Woburn, Massachusetts, United States, 01801"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasan M.","family":"Wijayaweera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts at Lowell , , , ,","place":["Lowell, Massachusetts, United States, 01854"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Norska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts at Lowell , , , ,","place":["Lowell, Massachusetts, United States, 01854"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoang","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts at Lowell , , , ,","place":["Lowell, Massachusetts, United States, 01854"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yudhisthira","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vuronyx Technologies , 5 Walnut Hill Park , , ,","place":["Woburn, Massachusetts, United States, 01801"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Gage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts at Lowell , , , ,","place":["Lowell, Massachusetts, United States, 01854"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandip","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vuronyx Technologies , 5 Walnut Hill Park , , ,","place":["Woburn, Massachusetts, United States, 01801"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2026072810072458400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2020.1783198","article-title":"The COVID-19\nPandemic","volume":"57","author":"Ciotti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit.\nRev. Clin. Lab. 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Endosc."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026072810072458400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.5317","article-title":"Sourcing Personal\nProtective Equipment\nDuring the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"323","author":"Livingston","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026072810072458400_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.173","article-title":"Extended Use\nor Reuse of N95 Respirators During COVID-19 Pandemic: An Overview\nof National Regulatory Authority Recommendations","volume":"41","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2026072810072458400_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2020.104830","article-title":"Disposable\nMasks: Disinfection and Sterilization for Reuse, and Non-Certified\nManufacturing, in the Face of Shortages During the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"129","author":"Rubio-Romero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026072810072458400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370220925768","article-title":"COVID-19 Global Pandemic\nPlanning: Decontamination\nand Reuse Processes for N95 Respirators","volume":"245","author":"Perkins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp.\nBiol. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072810072458400_cit10","first-page":"989","article-title":"COVID-19 Pandemic:\nA Need for Practical and Immediate Reuse Processes for Filtering Facepiece\nRespirators","volume":"93","author":"Bos\u030ckoski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"2026072810072458400_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12562","article-title":"The Importance of\nthe Minimum Dosage Necessary for UVC Decontamination of N95 Respirators\nDuring the COVID-19 Pandemic","author":"Narla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photodermatol.\nPhotoimmunol. Photomed."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810072458400_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.008","article-title":"Dry Heat and Microwave-Generated Steam Protocols for\nthe Rapid Decontamination of Respiratory Personal Protective Equipment\nin Response to COVID-19-Related Shortages","volume":"106","author":"Pascoe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.\nHosp. Infect."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810072458400_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.379","article-title":"Decontamination\nand Reuse of Surgical Masks and N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators\nDuring the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review","volume":"42","author":"Seresirikachorn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026072810072458400_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D115","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2014.902954","article-title":"Considerations for\nRecommending Extended Use and Limited\nReuse of Filtering Facepiece Respirators in Health Care Settings","volume":"11","author":"Fisher","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Hyg."},{"issue":"26","key":"2026072810072458400_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34211","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-14429-w","article-title":"The Role\nof Disinfectants and Sanitizers During COVID-19\nPandemic: Advantages and Deleterious Effects on Humans and the Environment","volume":"28","author":"Dhama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"2026072810072458400_cit16","unstructured":"Archer, J.; Mikelonis, A.\n          COVID-19 Research:\nPPE Cleaning and Disinfection for Reuse\n          U.S.\nEPA Research Webinar\n          2021."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072810072458400_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1983.tb02637.x","article-title":"The\nBactericidal, Fungicidal and Sporicidal Properties of Hydrogen Peroxide\nand Peracetic Acid","volume":"54","author":"Baldry","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Appl. Bacteriol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072810072458400_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1086\/646483","article-title":"Peracetic\nAcid Sterilization: A Timely Development for a Busy Healthcare Industry","volume":"13","author":"Crow","year":"1992","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2026072810072458400_cit19","first-page":"95","article-title":"The Application\nof Peracetic Acid Germicidal Washes\nto Mold Control of Tomatoes","volume":"5","author":"Greenspan","year":"1951","journal-title":"Food Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810072458400_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(03)00147-8","article-title":"Disinfection\nof Wastewater with Peracetic Acid: A Review","volume":"30","author":"Kitis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072810072458400_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.1993.tb00423.x","article-title":"Peracetic\nAcid and Its Application to Medical Instrument Sterilization","volume":"17","author":"Malchesky","year":"1993","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"key":"2026072810072458400_cit22","volume-title":"Disinfection, Sterilization,\nand Preservation","author":"Block","year":"2001","edition":"5"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"2026072810072458400_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.1999.0596","article-title":"Advanced Treatment and Disinfection for Municipal Wastewater\nReuse in Agriculture","volume":"40","author":"Liberti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Water Sci. 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Microbiol."},{"key":"2026072810072458400_cit26","article-title":"Methods and\nCompositions for the Generation of Peracetic Acid on Site at the Point-of-Use","author":"Harvey","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026072810072458400_cit27","article-title":"Chemical and\nBiological Warfare Decontaminating Solution Using Peracids and Germinants\nin Microemulsions, Process and Product Thereof","author":"Brown","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026072810072458400_cit28","article-title":"Stable Solid\nAcetylperoxyborate Compounds","author":"Roesler","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026072810072458400_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/19.3.124","article-title":"Determination\nof Priority Pollutant Phenols in Water by HPLC","volume":"19","author":"Realini","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. Sci."},{"key":"2026072810072458400_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2022.01.004","article-title":"The Efficacy of Different Sanitizers\nagainst MS2 Bacteriophage Introduced\nonto Plastic or Stainless Steel Surfaces","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr.\nRes. Food Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072810072458400_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2024.100223","article-title":"Thermal and Chemical Inactivation of Bacillus Phage BM-P1","volume":"87","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"2026072810072458400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00282","article-title":"Review:\nEfficiency of Physical and Chemical Treatments on the Inactivation\nof Dairy Bacteriophages","volume":"2","author":"Guglielmotti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810072458400_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.33073\/pjm-2023-004","article-title":"Inactivation of Lactobacillus Bacteriophages by Dual\nChemical Treatments","volume":"72","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pol. J. Microbiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072810072458400_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.13626","article-title":"Resistance\nof Phages Lytic to Pathogenic Escherichia coli to Sanitisers Used\nby the Food Industry and in Home Settings","volume":"53","author":"Tomat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int.\nJ. Food Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.5c13653","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/29\/43177\/65899316\/acsomega.5c13653.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/29\/43177\/65899316\/acsomega.5c13653.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T14:44:01Z","timestamp":1785249841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/29\/43177\/5207709\/Stable-Solid-Peracetic-Acid-Precursor-for"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"29","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.5c13653","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]}}}