{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:57:43Z","timestamp":1791302263516,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"39","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006959","name":"U.S. Forest Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-JV-11111124053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-JV-11111124053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006959","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006959","name":"U.S. Forest Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24-JV-11111124017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24-JV-11111124017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006959","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pinewood (PW) residues are abundant lignocellulosic wastes, but their elevated volatile and oxygenated fractions can complicate pyrolysis by promoting complex devolatilization behavior. This challenge motivates the use of NaOH pretreatment of PW to enhance thermal conversion efficiency. This study investigates the catalytic effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on the pyrolysis kinetics of PW under non-isothermal conditions. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted on untreated PW and samples pretreated with varying concentrations of NaOH (0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2 wt %) at four different heating rates (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 K\/min). The results demonstrated that NaOH addition facilitates biomass decomposition by reducing peak pyrolysis temperatures. This catalytic effect was intensified with increasing NaOH concentration. To interpret the observed trends, kinetic modeling was performed using three iso-conversional methods: Friedman, Flynn-Ozawa-Wall (FWO), and Kissinger\u2013Akahira\u2013Sunose (KAS). Thermodynamic parameters of activation were also calculated to complement the kinetic analysis and aid in identifying the most effective NaOH treatment. The modeling results revealed notable reductions in activation energy (E\u03b1) for samples pretreated with 0.2 and 0.5 wt % NaOH, confirming the catalytic role of NaOH in enhancing thermal degradation at lower temperatures potentially by promoting glycosidic bond cleavage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c00224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:01:19Z","timestamp":1790434879000},"page":"58572-58583","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Thermal Degradation\nand Pyrolysis Kinetics of Alkaline-Pretreated\nPinewood under Non-Isothermal Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Masoumeh","family":"Mohandessi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Missouri , , 416 S 6th Street , , ,","place":["Columbia, Missouri, United States, 65211"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiangu","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA Forest Service , , One Gifford Pinchot Drive , , ,","place":["Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53726"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA Forest Service , , One Gifford Pinchot Drive , , ,","place":["Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53726"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5490-7490","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Caixia","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Missouri , , 416 S 6th Street , , ,","place":["Columbia, Missouri, United States, 65211"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100610483818000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-018-0200-5","article-title":"Biomass Pyrolysis: Past, Present, and Future","volume":"22","author":"Fahmy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. 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Environ.\nProt."},{"key":"2026100610483818000_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.06.091","article-title":"The Effects of Torrefaction on Compositions\nof Bio-Oil and Syngas from Biomass Pyrolysis by Microwave Heating","volume":"135","author":"Ren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"2026100610483818000_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2025.102069","article-title":"Kinetics, Thermodynamics\nand Rate Equations of Co-Pyrolysis\nof Polyalthia Longifolia Leaves and Polypropylene Grocery Bags","volume":"29","author":"Annapureddy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol. Rep."},{"key":"2026100610483818000_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2017.05.004","article-title":"Lignocellulosic Biomass Pyrolysis\nMechanism: A State-of-the-Art Review","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog.\nEnergy Combust. Sci."},{"key":"2026100610483818000_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2024.101794","article-title":"Study on Non-Isothermal\nPyrolysis\nof Azadirachta Indica for Kinetic Triplets and Thermodynamics Evaluation","volume":"25","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol. Rep."},{"issue":"12\u201313","key":"2026100610483818000_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2006.12.013","article-title":"Characteristics of\nHemicellulose, Cellulose and Lignin Pyrolysis","volume":"86","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026100610483818000_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2009.09.014","article-title":"Effect of\nCellulose, Lignin, Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metallic Species on Biomass\nPyrolysis and Gasification","volume":"91","author":"Lv","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fuel Process. 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Sustainability"},{"key":"2026100610483818000_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2016.10.090","article-title":"Kinetic Analyses\nand Pyrolytic Behavior of Para Grass (Urochloa Mutica) for Its Bioenergy\nPotential","volume":"224","author":"Ahmad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"2026100610483818000_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2012.11.009","article-title":"TG\u2013FTIR and\nPy\u2013GC\/MS Analysis on Pyrolysis and Combustion of Pine Sawdust","volume":"100","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis"},{"issue":"12\u201313","key":"2026100610483818000_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2007.01.008","article-title":"Some Recent\nAdvances in the Understanding of the Pyrolysis and Gasification Behaviour\nof Victorian Brown Coal","volume":"86","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"2026100610483818000_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1007\/s10934-017-0501-3","article-title":"Porous Solids\nby the Pyrolysis of Residue Obtained after NaOH Extraction of Lignite","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Porous Mater."},{"key":"2026100610483818000_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2020.118191","article-title":"Pyrolysis\nKinetics of Short Rotation Coppice Poplar Biomass","volume":"207","author":"Rego","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026100610483818000_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-005-7149-y","article-title":"Products and Kinetics of Non-Isothermal\nDecomposition of Vanadium (IV) Oxide Compounds","volume":"88","author":"Vlaev","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"2026100610483818000_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8872","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-020-01001-8","article-title":"Characterization,\nThermal and Kinetic\nAnalysis of Pinusroxburghii","volume":"23","author":"Havilah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Dev. 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Calorim."},{"key":"2026100610483818000_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.121674","article-title":"Slow Pyrolysis\nCharacteristics of Bamboo Subfamily Evaluated through Kinetics and\nEvolved Gases Analysis","volume":"289","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"2026100610483818000_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.11.077","article-title":"Pyrolysis Kinetics\nand Thermodynamic Parameters of Castor (Ricinus Communis) Residue\nUsing Thermogravimetric Analysis","volume":"250","author":"Kaur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresour.\nTechnol."},{"key":"2026100610483818000_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2020.117164","article-title":"Thermal Degradation of Rice Husk:\nEffect of Pre-Treatment on Kinetic and Thermodynamic Parameters","volume":"268","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"2026100610483818000_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.04.094","article-title":"Influence of Pyrolysis\nTemperature on Physicochemical Properties of Biochar Obtained from\nthe Fast Pyrolysis of Pitch Pine (Pinus Rigida)","volume":"118","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026100610483818000_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7999","DOI":"10.1080\/19443994.2015.1042068","article-title":"Characteristics\nof Oil Palm Shell Biochar and Activated Carbon Prepared at Different\nCarbonization Times","volume":"57","author":"Hamza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Desalin. Water Treat."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100610483818000_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joei.2019.03.005","article-title":"Utilization of Lignin: A Sustainable\nand Eco-Friendly Approach","volume":"93","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Energy Inst."},{"key":"2026100610483818000_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-12-820524-2.00009-2","article-title":"Environmental Hazards\nand Biodegradation of Plastic Waste: Challenges and Future Prospects","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biorem. Environ.Sustainability"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100610483818000_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1080\/15567036.2019.1662138","article-title":"Pyrolysis and Kinetic\nBehaviour of Black Gram Straw\nUsing Thermogravimetric Analysis","volume":"45","author":"Gajera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Sources,\nPart A"},{"issue":"22","key":"2026100610483818000_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27227662","article-title":"Thermogravimetric Analysis\nand Kinetic Modeling of the AAEM-Catalyzed Pyrolysis of Woody Biomass","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100610483818000_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1007\/s12155-022-10497-z","article-title":"Experimental Investigation\nof Kinetic\nParameters of Bamboo and Bamboo Biochar Using Thermogravimetric Analysis\nunder Non-Isothermal Conditions","volume":"16","author":"Jagnade","year":"2023","journal-title":"BioEnergy Res."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c00224","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/39\/58572\/68665970\/acsomega.6c00224.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/39\/58572\/68665970\/acsomega.6c00224.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:24:36Z","timestamp":1791300276000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/39\/58572\/5439312\/Thermal-Degradation-and-Pyrolysis-Kinetics-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"39","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c00224","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]}}}