{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:54:46Z","timestamp":1787072086101,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004505","name":"Universit? di Catania","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PIACERI2024\/202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIACERI2024\/202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021856","name":"Ministero dell'Universit? e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CUP E63C22000900006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP E63C22000900006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Laccase catalyzes the oxidation of a wide array of substrates, yet its industrial applications are hindered by its low thermal and chemical stability, poor reusability, and high production costs. Enzyme immobilization is a cost-effective strategy for overcoming these limitations, enhancing stability and operational efficiency. In this study, laccase from Trametes versicolor (LTV) was immobilized onto a nylon membrane coated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and tannic acid (TA). A mathematical model was employed to optimize enzyme immobilization parameters (e.g., pH, LTV concentration, TA:APTES ratio, and reaction time), resulting in an enzyme loading of 31.9% w\/w LTV and immobilization yield of 67.3%. The resulting biocatalytic system was characterized via ATR-FTIR, SEM\u2013EDX, Raman, and fluorescence techniques, and the kinetics of free and immobilized LTV were analyzed. Immobilized LTV successfully oxidized 2,2\u2032-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) across broad pH (2\u20139) and temperature (20 \u00b0C\u201370 \u00b0C) ranges. Compared to the free enzyme, immobilized LTV demonstrated improved storage stability and catalytic performance. Notably, immobilized LTV successfully decolorized methylene blue and methyl red dyes, validating the utility of this platform for environmental remediation applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c00521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T08:17:10Z","timestamp":1785917830000},"page":"47346-47359","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Laccase Immobilization\non Tannic Acid\u2013Coated\nNylon Membrane for Dye Decolorization"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1043-9562","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Claudia","family":"Sciacca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Catania , , V. le A. Doria 6 , ,","place":["Catania, Italy, 95125"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nunzio","family":"Cardullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Catania , , V. le A. Doria 6 , ,","place":["Catania, Italy, 95125"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8077-9373","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marcello","family":"Condorelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Catania , , V. le A. Doria 6 , ,","place":["Catania, Italy, 95125"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Libera","family":"Vitiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials CNR , Via P. Gaifami 18 , ,","place":["Catania, Italy, 95126"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea A.","family":"Scamporrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials CNR , Via P. Gaifami 18 , ,","place":["Catania, Italy, 95126"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9645-0369","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sabrina C.","family":"Carroccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials CNR , Via P. Gaifami 18 , ,","place":["Catania, Italy, 95126"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6212-5154","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vera","family":"Muccilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Catania , , V. le A. Doria 6 , ,","place":["Catania, Italy, 95125"]},{"name":"Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials CNR , Via P. Gaifami 18 , ,","place":["Catania, Italy, 95126"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CB00259G","article-title":"Laccase-mediated synthesis of bioactive\nnatural products and their analogues","volume":"3","author":"Cardullo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rsc Chem.\nBiol."},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.147","article-title":"Catalytic\nphenol removal using entrapped cross-linked laccase aggregates","volume":"122","author":"Fathali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124968","article-title":"Structural insights,\nbiocatalytic characteristics, and application prospects of lignin-modifying\nenzymes for sustainable biotechnology","volume":"242","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int.\nJ. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors5010009","article-title":"Electrochemical\nstudy of Trametes Versicolor laccase compatibility\nto different Polyphenolic substrates","volume":"5","author":"Sy\u0301s","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosensors"},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation3020017","article-title":"Laccases as\na Potential Tool for\nthe Efficient Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass: A Review","volume":"3","author":"Fillat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fermentation"},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.120984","article-title":"Laccase immobilization\nand its degradation of emerging\npollutants: A comprehensive review","volume":"359","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ.\nManage."},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.134583","article-title":"Enhanced degradation of phenolic pollutants by a novel cold-adapted\nlaccase from Peribacillus simplex","volume":"277","author":"Hao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24158","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c06669","article-title":"Laccase: A\nGreen Biocatalyst Offers Immense Potential for Food Industrial and\nBiotechnological Applications","volume":"72","author":"Zhai","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food\nChem."},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.3390\/polym9110570","article-title":"Effect of\nLaccase-mediated biopolymer grafting on kraft pulp fibers for enhancing\npaper\u2019s mechanical properties","volume":"9","author":"Ballinas-Casarrubias","year":"2017","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.2478\/s11756-019-00414-9","article-title":"Microbial Laccase:\na robust enzyme and its industrial applications","volume":"75","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biologia"},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.135745","article-title":"Laccase: Sustainable production strategies,\nheterologous expression and potential biotechnological applications","volume":"280","author":"Sodhi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135824","article-title":"Recent advances\nin the utilization of immobilized laccase\nfor the degradation of phenolic compounds in aqueous solutions: A\nreview","volume":"307","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2008.01.084","article-title":"Characterization of Trametes versicolor laccase for the transformation of aqueous\nphenol","volume":"99","author":"Kurniawati","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2009.12.018","article-title":"Kinetic and\nbiochemical properties of high and low redox potential laccases from\nfungal and plant origin","volume":"1804","author":"Frasconi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta,\nProteins Proteomics"},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.244","article-title":"Optimization strategy for laccase\nimmobilization on polyethylene terephthalate grafted with maleic anhydride\nelectrospun nanofiber mat","volume":"166","author":"Mohd Syukri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11530","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c00357","article-title":"Emerging 3D Printing\nStrategies for Enzyme Immobilization: Materials, Methods, and Applications","volume":"7","author":"Shao","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.3390\/jcs7120488","article-title":"Recent Advances in Enzyme Immobilisation\nStrategies: An Overview\nof Techniques and Composite Carriers","volume":"7","author":"Mohidem","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Compos.\nSci."},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/app.45249","article-title":"Immobilization of Trametes versicolor laccase on\ndifferent PGMA-based polymeric microspheres using response surface\nmethodology: Optimization of conditions","volume":"134","author":"Vera","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\nAppl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1007\/s00289-025-05637-2","article-title":"Immobilization of Trametes versicolor laccase on polystyrene microspheres containing diazonium groups","volume":"82","author":"Souza","year":"2025","journal-title":"Polym. Bull."},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.128688","article-title":"Bioremoval\nof estrogens by laccase\nimmobilized onto polyacrylonitrile\/polyethersulfone material: Effect\nof inhibitors and mediators, process characterization and catalytic\npathways determination","volume":"432","author":"Zdarta","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. 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Eng."},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.137478","article-title":"Tailor-made\nnovel electrospun polycaprolactone\/polyethyleneimine\nfiber membranes for laccase immobilization: An all-in-one material\nto biodegrade textile dyes and phenolic compounds","volume":"313","author":"Kolak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb14010025","article-title":"Laccase-carrying\npolylactic acid\nelectrospun fibers, advantages and limitations in bio-oxidation of\namines and alcohols","volume":"14","author":"Giraldi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Funct. Biomater."},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136745","article-title":"Immobilization of laccases\non mechanically ground silk fibroin nanofibers\nfor enhanced stability","volume":"282","author":"Miyawaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2024.109369","article-title":"Phenol-amine binary\nsystem as a facile approach for laccase immobilization and biocatalytic\nremediation","volume":"209","author":"Khanam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem. Eng. J."},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.141234","article-title":"Efficient immobilization of enzyme\non covalent organo-framework for remediation of pyrene-contaminated\nsoil and degradation mechanism","volume":"305","author":"Hussain","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol.\nMacromol."},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17111432","article-title":"Sustainable solutions for producing\nadvanced biopolymer membranes-from net-zero technology to zero waste","volume":"17","author":"Rezic\u0301 Mes\u030ctrovic\u0301","year":"2025","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3368","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.5372","article-title":"Nylon-A material\nintroduction and overview for biomedical applications","volume":"32","author":"Shakiba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Polym. Adv. Technol."},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0622329","article-title":"Hydrolyzable Tannins\nwith the Hexahydroxydiphenoyl Unit and the m-Depsidic Link: HPLC-DAD-MS\nIdentification and Model Synthesis","volume":"55","author":"Arapitsas","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Agric.\nFood Chem."},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8217","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201411606","article-title":"Gallotannins\nand Tannic Acid:First Chemical Syntheses\nand In Vitro Inhibitory Activity on Alzheimer\u2019s amyloid \u03b2-peptide\naggregation","volume":"54","author":"Sylla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. 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Biotransform."},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.141503","article-title":"Synthesis and modification\nof novel magnetic cellulose composite microspheres for laccase immobilization","volume":"306","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.140577","article-title":"Immobilization\nof Trametes versicolor laccase on LDH\/alginate composite\nbeads for improved textile dyes decolorization","volume":"303","author":"Nouaa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3109\/10731199.2012.731414","article-title":"Immobilization\nof laccase for biotechnology applications","volume":"41","author":"Sanl\u0131er","year":"2013","journal-title":"Artif.\nCells Nanomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su142013306","article-title":"Laccase-oriented immobilization\nusing\nconcanavalin A as an approach for efficient glycoproteins immobilization\nand its application to the removal of aqueous phenolics","volume":"14","author":"Othman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"2026081810491275100_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4829","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/39\/22\/013","article-title":"Surface topography\nand character of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and dodecyltrimetoxysilane\nfilms adsorbed on the silicon dioxide substrate via vapour phase deposition","volume":"39","author":"Chu-Jiang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Phys. D: Appl. 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