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Boswellia species are traditionally used in East Africa to manage central nervous system disorders. In the present study, Boswellia carterii, its major compound \u03b1-pinene, and the enantiomers (\u2212)-\u03b1-pinene and (+)-\u03b1-pinene were investigated for potential anxiolytic activity using an in vivo zebrafish larvae model. Chiral analysis using Gas Chromatography-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry confirmed \u03b1-pinene as a scalemic mixture of (\u2212)-\u03b1-pinene and (+)-\u03b1-pinene in B. carterii essential oil. In behavioral assays, B. carterii essential oil exhibited significant anxiolytic activity at 50 and 100 \u03bcL\/L (p &amp;lt; 0.05), and \u03b1-pinene at all tested concentrations (p &amp;lt; 0.05), as measured by anxiolytic effect indicators. When tested individually across a concentration range, both enantiomers displayed significant anxiolytic activity in vivo (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Molecular docking and MM\/GBSA analysis further demonstrated the interactions of \u03b1-pinene and its enantiomers with various receptor targets, with the strongest binding affinity observed for the CB2 receptor, although pharmacological validation is still required. Both (\u2212)- and (+)-\u03b1-pinene exhibited binding energies comparable to the known CB2 agonist AM1241, indicating that the in vivo anxiolytic-like effects were not distinctly enantioselective. The stereochemistry did, however, affect the predicted binding orientation in the active site and in-silico ligand\u2013receptor interactions, supporting further investigation of the \u03b1-pinene enantiomers as lead compounds with activity at the CB2 receptor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c01267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:12:29Z","timestamp":1785849149000},"page":"47440-47458","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Boswellia carterii<\/i>\n                    Essential\nOil and Constituents Alleviate Anxiety-like Behavior in Zebrafish\nLarvae Model"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Veronica B.","family":"Maphanga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tshwane University of Technology , , Private Bag X680 , ,","place":["Pretoria, South Africa, 0001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxleene","family":"Sandasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tshwane University of Technology , , Private Bag X680 , ,","place":["Pretoria, South Africa, 0001"]},{"name":"Tshwane University of Technology , , ,","place":["Pretoria, South Africa, 0001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaux J.","family":"Lim Ah Tock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tshwane University of Technology , , Private Bag X680 , ,","place":["Pretoria, South Africa, 0001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9006-0768","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gill M.","family":"Enslin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tshwane University of Technology , , Private Bag X680 , ,","place":["Pretoria, South Africa, 0001"]},{"name":"Tshwane University of Technology , , ,","place":["Pretoria, South Africa, 0001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliasu Y.","family":"Salifu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tshwane University of Technology , , Private Bag X680 , ,","place":["Pretoria, South Africa, 0001"]},{"name":"South African Medical Research Council , , ,","place":["Cape Town, South Africa, 7505"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pritika","family":"Ramharack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Medical Research Council , , ,","place":["Cape Town, South Africa, 7505"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6810-2981","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alvaro M.","family":"Viljoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tshwane University of Technology , , Private Bag X680 , ,","place":["Pretoria, South Africa, 0001"]},{"name":"Tshwane University of Technology , , ,","place":["Pretoria, South Africa, 0001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081810491225100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1089\/zeb.2018.1562","article-title":"The use of\nlarval zebrafish (danio rerio) model for identifying new anxiolytic\ndrugs from herbal medicine","volume":"15","author":"Muniandy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zebrafish"},{"key":"2026081810491225100_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026616666160204121039","article-title":"A systematic review of plant-derived natural compounds\nfor anxiety disorders","volume":"16","author":"Hosein Farzaei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. 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