{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T15:51:17Z","timestamp":1789487477177,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PROANTAR\/MCT\/CNPq N64\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROANTAR\/MCT\/CNPq N64\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016179","name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Biodiversidade e Produtos Naturais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016179","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The emergence of increasingly resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) makes the search for new antimycobacterial and host-directed therapies essential to help combat this disease. Antarctica extreme environmental conditions make seaweeds an important source for the discovery of bioactive compounds with the potential to treat various diseases caused by microorganisms. In this study, 29 lipophilic extracts of Antarctic seaweeds were evaluated for their potential as antituberculosis drug sources. The antimycobacterial and immunomodulatory activities (based initially on NO inhibition), as well as the chemical profiles of the algae were studied. Of all the extracts, 21 (72.4%) showed antimycobacterial activity with MIC50 values lower than 25 \u03bcg\/mL against Mtb H37Rv. And, 9 (31%) showed activity also against the hypervirulent strain Mtb M299. Regarding immunomodulation, 27 seaweed extracts (93.1%) inhibited NO production by suppressing iNOS expression with IC50 values lower than 25 \u03bcg\/mL. Six samples of the genera Desmarestia, Sarcopeltis, Iridaea, Pyropia, and Curdiea with dual activity and a selectivity index higher than ten were selected as promising, with Pyropia endiviifolia extract standing out against Mtb H37Rv and Mtb M299 (MIC50 2.1 \u00b1 0.2 and 3.2 \u00b1 0.7 \u03bcg\/mL, respectively). GC-MS-based Molecular Networking indicated pentadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and cholesterol as the major known components of the promising samples. Our study demonstrates for the first time the potential of the secondary metabolites from Antarctic seaweeds against Mtb and encourages further investigation to characterize novel antitubercular agents from these extremophilic organisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c01332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T16:07:48Z","timestamp":1788451668000},"page":"53769-53783","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antimycobacterial Activity and Nitric Oxide Production\nInhibition of Antarctic Seaweeds"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7114-3939","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carolina","family":"Rosas Ferna\u0301ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , , Campus Macae\u0301 , , ,","place":["Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 27965-045"]},{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , , Campus Macae\u0301 , , ,","place":["Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 27933-378"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7563-1833","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thatiana Lopes Bia\u0301 Ventura","family":"Sima\u0303o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense , , , ,","place":["Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 28013-602"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena B.","family":"Lasunskaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense , , , ,","place":["Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 28013-602"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Moreira","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors (IPPN), UFRJ , , ,","place":["Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 21941-902"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pio","family":"Colepicolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de Sa\u0303o Paulo , , , ,","place":["Sa\u0303o Paulo, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil, 05508-000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle F.","family":"Muzitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , , Campus Macae\u0301 , , ,","place":["Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 27933-378"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9126-3778","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ange\u0301lica R.","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , , Campus Macae\u0301 , , ,","place":["Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 27965-045"]},{"name":"Instituto de Pesquisas do Jardim Bota\u0302nico do Rio de Janeiro , , , ,","place":["Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 22460-030"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091510082705600_cit1","volume-title":"Global\nTuberculosis Report 2025","author":"WHO.","year":"2025"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026091510082705600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-0502-z","article-title":"New insights into the\nevasion of host innate immunity by Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"17","author":"Chai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"2026091510082705600_cit3","volume-title":"Biologi\u0301a","author":"Campbell","year":"2010"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026091510082705600_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-017-2092-5","article-title":"Diversity and spatial distribution of seaweeds\nin the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica: an updated database for\nenvironmental monitoring under climate change scenarios","volume":"40","author":"Pellizzari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Polar Biol."},{"key":"2026091510082705600_cit5","volume-title":"Anta\u0301rtida:\nIntroduccio\u0301n a un continente remoto","author":"Sanchez","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026091510082705600_cit6","volume-title":"Marine\nWildlife: King George Island, Antarctica: identification Guide","author":"Schories","year":"2016","edition":"1st"},{"key":"2026091510082705600_cit7","volume-title":"Anta\u0301rtida: las\nleyes entre las costas y el mar","author":"Vega","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026091510082705600_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-6285-8_13","article-title":"Life strategy, ecophysiology\nand ecology of seaweeds in polar waters","volume-title":"Life in Extreme Environments","author":"Wiencke","year":"2007"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091510082705600_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phyplu.2022.100246","article-title":"Bioprospecting of new Antarctic seaweed selective antitumor\nmolecules: chemical characterization and in vitro analysis","volume":"2","author":"de Souza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomed. Plus"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091510082705600_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.4236\/abc.2019.95013","article-title":"Chemical Characterization\nand Cytotoxic Activity\nof Antarctic Macroalgae Extracts against Colorectal Cancer","volume":"9","author":"Frassini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091510082705600_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-018-1592-1","article-title":"Antileishmanial activity of the Antarctic red\nalgae Iridaea cordata (Gigartinaceae; Rhodophyta)","volume":"31","author":"Rangel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091510082705600_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1515\/bot-2012-0111","article-title":"Algicidal\nactivity and potential antifouling\ndefenses in macroalgae from the western Antarctic Peninsula including\nprobable synergistic effects of multiple compounds","volume":"55","author":"Sevak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bot. Mar."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091510082705600_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-016-0946-9","article-title":"Antiviral activity of 7-keto-stigmasterol obtained from green Antarctic\nalgae Prasiola crispa against equine herpesvirus\n1","volume":"29","author":"dos Santos Souza Marinho","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. 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Mycobact."},{"key":"2026091510082705600_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2021.116506","article-title":"Antimycobacterial and anti-inflammatory activities\nof thiourea derivatives focusing on treatment approaches for severe\npulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"53","author":"Calixto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091510082705600_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0120-3347(08)61007-2","article-title":"Oxido ni\u0301trico:\nimplicaciones fisiopatolo\u0301gicas","volume":"36","author":"Trujillo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev.\nColomb. Anestesiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091510082705600_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8072","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules20058072","article-title":"Antimycobacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities\nof Substituted Chalcones Focusing on an Anti-Tuberculosis Dual Treatment\nApproach","volume":"20","author":"Ventura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"22","key":"2026091510082705600_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1413919","article-title":"Treatment\nof Tuberculosis","volume":"373","author":"Horsburgh","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2026091510082705600_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.01.026","article-title":"Marine natural products\nas potential anti-tubercular agents","volume":"165","author":"Hou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J.\nMed. Chem."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026091510082705600_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.7.1943-1946.2001","article-title":"Search\nfor New Drugs for Treatment of Tuberculosis","volume":"45","author":"Tuberculosis Drug Screening Program.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091510082705600_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-8534","article-title":"Assessment\nof antimycobacterial activity\nof a series of mainly marine derived natural products","volume":"66","author":"Ko\u0308nig","year":"2000","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"2026091510082705600_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2014.00024","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity in selected Antarctic benthic organisms","volume":"1","author":"Moles","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026091510082705600_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4439","DOI":"10.1021\/jf9003913","article-title":"Inhibitory Effects and Molecular Mechanism of Dieckol\nIsolated from Marine Brown Alga on COX-2 and iNOS in Microglial Cells","volume":"57","author":"Jung","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091510082705600_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3181","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules19033181","article-title":"Sesquiterpenes\nfrom the Brazilian Red Alga Laurencia dendroidea J. Agardh","volume":"19","author":"da Silva Machado","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091510082705600_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s12257-019-0277-1","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory\nEffects of Sargachromanol I, Sargachromanol G, and Saringosterol from\nHexane Fraction of Myagropsis myagroides","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng."},{"key":"2026091510082705600_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2021.102297","article-title":"Loliolide, isolated from Sargassum horneri; abate\nLPS-induced inflammation via TLR mediated NF-\u03baB, MAPK\npathways in macrophages","volume":"56","author":"Jayawardena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091510082705600_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-022-03036-1","article-title":"Experimental evidence\nof antimicrobial activity in Antarctic seaweeds: ecological role and\nantibiotic potential","volume":"45","author":"Marti\u0301n-Marti\u0301n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polar Biol."},{"key":"2026091510082705600_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00412","article-title":"Macroalgae Extracts\nFrom Antarctica Have Antimicrobial and Anticancer Potential","volume":"9","author":"Martins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091510082705600_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2020.11.003","article-title":"Studies toward the comprehension of fungal-macroalgae\ninteraction in cold marine regions from a biotechnological perspective","volume":"125","author":"Martorell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fungal Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091510082705600_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1219-2207","article-title":"GC-MS Analysis, Bioactivity-based\nMolecular Networking and Antiparasitic Potential of the Antarctic\nAlga Desmarestia antarctica","volume":"7","author":"dos Santos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Planta Med. Int. Open"},{"key":"2026091510082705600_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-7299-6_1","article-title":"The Pursuit\nof Potent Anti-influenza Activity from the Antarctic Red Marine Alga\nGigartina skottsbergii","volume-title":"The Biological\nActivity of Phytochemicals","author":"Maschek","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091510082705600_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6215(02)00403-2","article-title":"Fucoidans\nfrom the brown seaweed Adenocystis utricularis: extraction methods,\nantiviral activity and structural studies","volume":"338","author":"Ponce","year":"2003","journal-title":"Carbohydr.\nRes."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091510082705600_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-373168","article-title":"Antiviral Activity of a Carrageenan\nfrom Gigartina skottsbergii against Intraperitoneal\nMurine Herpes simplex Virus Infection","volume":"72","author":"Pujol","year":"2006","journal-title":"Planta\nMed."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091510082705600_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-016-1034-x","article-title":"Antarctic red macroalgae: a source of polyunsaturated\nfatty acids","volume":"29","author":"Santos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"2026091510082705600_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2018.00185","article-title":"Cytotoxic Activity of Fatty Acids From Antarctic\nMacroalgae on the Growth of Human Breast Cancer Cells","volume":"6","author":"Pacheco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091510082705600_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2013.11.011","article-title":"Mycolic Acids:\nStructures, Biosynthesis,\nand Beyond","volume":"21","author":"Marrakchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091510082705600_cit49","first-page":"431","article-title":"Volatile Constituents\nIdentified in Hexane Extract of Citrus sinensis Peel and Anti-Mycobacterial\nTuberculosis Activity of Some of its Constituents","volume":"58","author":"Esquivel-Ferrin\u0303o","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mex. Chem. 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