{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:00:26Z","timestamp":1790701226708,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The release of molecular probes from soft hydrogel matrices involves coupled transport and structural relaxation processes that are difficult to capture using predefined kinetic models. Here we investigate the release dynamics of indocyanine green from bioprinted alginate-based hydrogels, including alginate-gelatin and calcium-cross-linked alginate-poly(vinyl alcohol) matrices, using a data-driven spectroscopic approach. Time-resolved UV\u2013vis absorption spectra collected in the surrounding aqueous phase are analyzed by singular value decomposition to construct reduced-dimensional trajectories in spectral space. The spectral evolution exhibits a rapid initial increase followed by progressive saturation, indicating a transition from transient release to a quasi-stationary regime. Singular value analysis reveals an effectively low-dimensional dynamics, with two dominant modes capturing the essential temporal behavior across both systems. The resulting trajectories provide characteristic time scales and a compact, model-independent representation of release pathways directly from spectroscopic observables.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c01437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T10:01:54Z","timestamp":1789552914000},"page":"56767-56775","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spectral Trajectory\nAnalysis of Drug Release from\nBioprinted Alginate-Based Hydrogels"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5883-5763","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antonio","family":"de Nigris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molise University , , Via De Sanctis , ,","place":["Campobasso, Italy, 86100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4363-6861","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luigi","family":"Ambrosone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molise University , , Via De Sanctis , ,","place":["Campobasso, Italy, 86100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092911095576900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1039\/C5SM02129D","article-title":"Well-defined\nand biocompatible hydrogels with toughening and reversible photoresponsive\nproperties","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"2026092911095576900_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8136","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.8b01496","article-title":"A tough and stiff hydrogel with tunable\nwater content and mechanical properties based on the synergistic effect\nof hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction","volume":"51","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"2026092911095576900_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4414","DOI":"10.1039\/D2SM00505K","article-title":"Hydrogel composite\nmimics biological tissues","volume":"18","author":"Horkay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"2026092911095576900_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2017.03.130","article-title":"A review of drug release mechanisms from nanocarrier systems","volume":"76","author":"Ding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Materials Science and Engineering: C"},{"key":"2026092911095576900_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29311","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c12599","article-title":"Applying\nSpatiotemporal Modeling\nof Cell Dynamics to Accelerate Drug Development","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026092911095576900_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2016.06.012","article-title":"Thermodynamic properties and photodegradation\nkinetics of indocyanine green in aqueous solution","volume":"134","author":"Di Nezza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dyes Pigm."},{"key":"2026092911095576900_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.200800284","article-title":"Hybrid multicomponent\nhydrogels for tissue engineering","volume":"9","author":"Jia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Macromol.\nBiosci."},{"key":"2026092911095576900_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.combustflame.2004.08.003","article-title":"Local measurements\nof the time-dependent heat release rate and equivalence\nratio using chemiluminescent emission from a flame","volume":"139","author":"Hardalupas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Combust. Flame"},{"key":"2026092911095576900_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2023.123595","article-title":"Time-resolved spectroscopic and computational\nstudy of the initial events in doxazosin photochemistry","volume":"306","author":"Mandic\u0301","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta, Part A"},{"key":"2026092911095576900_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2011.03.051","article-title":"Higuchi equation:\nDerivation, applications, use and\nmisuse","volume":"418","author":"Siepmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"2026092911095576900_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-7388(00)80265-3","article-title":"Effect of the morphology of hydrophilic\npolymeric matrices\non the diffusion and release of water-soluble drugs","volume":"9","author":"Korsmeyer","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Membr. 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Sci."},{"key":"2026092911095576900_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231886","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2023.1231886","article-title":"Time-resolved\nin situ vibrational spectroscopy for\nelectrocatalysis: challenge and opportunity","volume":"11","author":"Lyu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Chemistry"},{"key":"2026092911095576900_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14978","DOI":"10.1021\/jp2019457","article-title":"Singular value decomposition analysis\nof spectroelectrochemical redox chemistry in supramolecular dye nanotubes","volume":"115","author":"Cone","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"2026092911095576900_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-3659(87)90034-4","article-title":"A simple\nequation for description of solute release\nI. Fickian and non-Fickian release from non-swellable devices","volume":"5","author":"Ritger","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. 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Unpublished manuscript; Rutgers University: USA, 2008; pp 1\u201314. http:\/\/www.stat.rutgers.edu\/home\/mxie\/RCPapers\/bootstrap.pdf."},{"key":"2026092911095576900_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s13253-023-00561-2","article-title":"A Nonparametric Bootstrap Method\nfor Heteroscedastic Functional Data","volume":"29","author":"Ferna\u0301ndez-Casal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal\nof Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Statistics"},{"key":"2026092911095576900_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124204","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4931581","article-title":"Spectral reconstruction\nanalysis\nfor enhancing signal-to-noise in time-resolved spectroscopies","volume":"143","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chem. 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