{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:59:58Z","timestamp":1785851998864,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"30","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006187","name":"Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006187","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Subsurface gas transport is critical for containment performance following underground nuclear detonations or high-explosive tests. Such gases can provide fingerprinting needed to identify whether detected seismic signals have a nuclear or chemical source, provided that their subsurface transport can be accurately interpreted. In this study, we examine carbon dioxide (CO2) diffusion through dry core samples taken from representative lithologies at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) and compare laboratory-measured transport with field observations after a subsurface high-explosive experiment. Controlled laboratory breakthrough tests quantified CO2 migration across lithologies with varying zeolite content. Results show pronounced lithologic dependence, with zeolite-rich samples exhibiting marked retardation of CO2 attributed to adsorption within the zeolite frameworks. Field measurements of post-detonation gas composition and concentration gradients similarly revealed delayed CO2 migration within more zeolitized horizons, which were distinct from dissolution into pore water. This corresponding behavior across laboratory and field scales indicates that zeolite content exerts a dominant control on CO2 subsurface mobility and retention at the NNSS. These findings highlight the need to account for mineralogically controlled sorptive processes when modeling gas transport in zeolitized formations and underscore the value of linking laboratory diffusion data with field-scale observations to improve predictions of post-detonation gas behavior at the NNSS and similar sites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c02107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T12:01:06Z","timestamp":1784548866000},"page":"44862-44871","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Linking Laboratory\nand Field Observations of Carbon\nDioxide Transport at the Nevada National Security Site"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7679-157X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chelsea W.","family":"Neil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory , , P.O. Box 1663, , ,","place":["Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States, 87545"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2294-119X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John P.","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory , , P.O. Box 1663, , ,","place":["Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States, 87545"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7340-0652","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel L.","family":"Eldridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory , , P.O. Box 1663, , ,","place":["Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States, 87545"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayden","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory , , P.O. Box 1663, , ,","place":["Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States, 87545"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip H.","family":"Stauffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory , , P.O. Box 1663, , ,","place":["Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States, 87545"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garrett G.","family":"Euler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory , , P.O. Box 1663, , ,","place":["Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States, 87545"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080409250298600_cit1","volume-title":"The containment of underground nuclear explosions","author":"U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment (USC-OTA).","year":"1989"},{"key":"2026080409250298600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2172\/1242909","volume-title":"Nevada\nNational Security Site Underground Radionuclide Inventory, 1951\u20131992:\nAccounting for Radionuclide Decay through September 30, 2012","author":"Finnegan","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026080409250298600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2018.10.015","article-title":"The characteristic release of noble gases from an underground\nnuclear explosion","volume":"196","author":"Carrigan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Environ. 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Lett."},{"key":"2026080409250298600_cit6","volume-title":"Geology of the Nevada\nTest Site and nearby areas, southern Nevada","author":"Sinnock","year":"1982"},{"key":"2026080409250298600_cit7","volume-title":"Geologic character\nof tuffs in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, southern Nevada","author":"Scott","year":"1982"},{"issue":"4592","key":"2026080409250298600_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6828876","article-title":"Radiation exposures in Utah from Nevada nuclear tests","volume":"220","author":"Beck","year":"1983","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080409250298600_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1667\/RR3172.1","article-title":"Review of methods\nof dose estimation for epidemiological studies of the radiological\nimpact of Nevada test site and global fallout","volume":"166","author":"Beck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026080409250298600_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-199011000-00007","article-title":"Estimates\nof exposure rates and fallout arrival times near the Nevada Test Site","volume":"59","author":"Thompson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Health Phys."},{"key":"2026080409250298600_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2021.106789","article-title":"Analysis of\nradionuclide detection events on the International Monitoring System","volume":"242","author":"Goodwin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Radioact."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080409250298600_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1515\/kern-2001-0059","article-title":"The radionuclide monitoring system of the Comprehensive\nNuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation: from sample to product","volume":"66","author":"Matthews","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kerntechnik"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080409250298600_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0265-931X(01)00042-X","article-title":"Detection and analysis of xenon isotopes for\nthe comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty international monitoring\nsystem","volume":"59","author":"Bowyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Environ. 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A.\n          FEHM: Finite\nElement Heat and Mass Transfer Code.\nIn  Computer software; GitHub, 2017."},{"key":"2026080409250298600_cit41","volume-title":"Software users manual\n(UM) for the FEHM application version 3.1\u20133X","author":"Zyvoloski","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026080409250298600_cit42","first-page":"74","volume-title":"Models and Methods\nSummary for the FEHM Application","author":"Zyvoloski","year":"1999"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080409250298600_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008202821328","article-title":"Differential Evolution\n\u2013 A Simple and Efficient Heuristic\nfor global Optimization over Continuous Spaces","volume":"11","author":"Storn","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Glob. 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