{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T14:00:34Z","timestamp":1785852034756,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"30","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP24K08132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24K08132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Amorphous CaCO3 (ACC) has an intrinsically large specific surface area, rendering it a promising platform for developing various functional materials. However, its practical use is severely limited by an extremely short lifespan, which is typically only a few seconds, before its spontaneous recrystallization into vaterite or calcite. In this study, we investigate the use of citric acid to suppress the rapid crystallization of ACC in a mixed ethanol\/ethylene glycol medium and to obtain reproducible high-surface-area ACC under controlled conditions. Experiments involving systematic variations in citric acid concentration (0.00\u20131.33% w\/v) revealed that crystallization was completely inhibited at concentrations above 0.39% w\/v, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Brunauer\u2013Emmett\u2013Teller analysis showed that ACC samples synthesized with 0.44\u20131.11% w\/v citric acid achieved exceptionally high surface areas (600\u2013700 m2\/g). The observed suppression of crystallization is discussed in relation to previously reported interactions between citrate species and calcium carbonate phases, rather than being directly demonstrated at the molecular level. As a proof of concept, curcumin was loaded onto the prepared ACC samples, and enhanced dissolution behavior was observed, which plateaued above a specific surface area threshold. This finding highlights the importance of the surface-area-to-cargo ratio in future formulation strategies. The resulting stable high-surface-area ACC is a promising platform for the design of functional materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c02212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T14:20:57Z","timestamp":1784557257000},"page":"44903-44912","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Title: Citric Acid-Stabilized\nAmorphous CaCO3 as a High-Surface-Area Carrier for Functional\nFood Ingredients"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Daichi","family":"Sakawaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Muroran Institute of Technology , , Mizumoto-cho 27-1 , ,","place":["Muroran, Japan, 050-8585"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khairunnisa","family":"Mohd Paad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Muroran Institute of Technology , , Mizumoto-cho 27-1 , ,","place":["Muroran, Japan, 050-8585"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rena","family":"Nagaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Muroran Institute of Technology , , Mizumoto-cho 27-1 , ,","place":["Muroran, Japan, 050-8585"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuteru","family":"Mawatari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Muroran Institute of Technology , , Mizumoto-cho 27-1 , ,","place":["Muroran, Japan, 050-8585"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7254-3050","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mayumi","family":"Ikeda-Imafuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wakayama Medical University , , 25-1 Shichibancho , ,","place":["Wakayama, Japan, 640-8156"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8878-8602","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Fukuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wakayama Medical University , , 25-1 Shichibancho , ,","place":["Wakayama, Japan, 640-8156"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prakasan","family":"Nisha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) , , , ,","place":["Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, 695019"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3370-6662","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kazunori","family":"Kadota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wakayama Medical University , , 25-1 Shichibancho , ,","place":["Wakayama, Japan, 640-8156"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayaka","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Muroran Institute of Technology , , Mizumoto-cho 27-1 , ,","place":["Muroran, Japan, 050-8585"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7342-1656","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shinya","family":"Yamanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Muroran Institute of Technology , , Mizumoto-cho 27-1 , ,","place":["Muroran, Japan, 050-8585"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080409254495700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024977","DOI":"10.3389\/fmats.2022.1024977","article-title":"Biogenic calcium carbonate derived from waste shells\nfor advanced material applications: A review","volume":"9","author":"Azarian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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B: Biointerfaces"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026080409254495700_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e08344","article-title":"Structure\nand phase analysis of calcium carbonate powder prepared by a simple\nsolution method","volume":"7","author":"Febrida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2026080409254495700_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"012124","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/476\/1\/012124","article-title":"Soil with\nhigh porosity as an excellent carbon dioxide\nadsorbent carbon-rich soil as an effective adsorbent for carbon dioxide","volume":"476","author":"Nuraisyah","year":"2020","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci."},{"key":"2026080409254495700_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2022.133635","article-title":"Synthesis\nof stable calcium carbonate nanoparticles for pH-responsive controlled\ndrug release","volume":"333","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080409254495700_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrysgro.2012.01.025","article-title":"Transformation of amorphous\ncalcium carbonate into aragonite","volume":"343","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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Mater."},{"key":"2026080409254495700_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phanu.2020.100226","article-title":"Curcumin: A therapeutic\npotential in ageing-related disorders","volume":"14","author":"Vaiserman","year":"2020","journal-title":"PharmaNutrition"},{"key":"2026080409254495700_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.07.025","article-title":"Hybridization of polyvinylpyrrolidone\nto a binary composite\nof curcumin\/\u03b1-glucosyl stevia improves both oral absorption\nand photochemical stability of curcumin","volume":"213","author":"Kadota","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food\nChem."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080409254495700_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1177\/0115426507022003286","article-title":"Calcium\nsupplementation in clinical practice: A review of forms, doses, and\nindications","volume":"22","author":"Straub","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nutr. 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Sonochem."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080409254495700_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-014-2266-9","article-title":"Scalable and template-free\nproduction\nof mesoporous calcium carbonate and its potential to formaldehyde\nadsorbent","volume":"16","author":"Yamanaka","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nanoparticle Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080409254495700_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"034902","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.109.034902","article-title":"Electrostatic interactions\nbetween\nrough dielectric particles","volume":"109","author":"Gorman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080409254495700_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2004.09.071","article-title":"Nucleation\nof calcium carbonate in presence of citric\nacid, DTPA, EDTA and pyromellitic acid","volume":"282","author":"Westin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Colloid\nInterface Sci."},{"key":"2026080409254495700_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2019.03.012","article-title":"Co-precipitation of\ncalcium carbonate\nand curcumin in an ethanol medium as a novel approach for curcumin\ndissolution enhancement","volume":"51","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Drug Delivery Sci.\nTechnol."},{"key":"2026080409254495700_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2021.01.085","article-title":"Curcumin and quercetin\nas templates in the in vitro biomineralization\nof CaCO3: A comparative study on phase modulation","volume":"47","author":"Paul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ceram. 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Eng., C"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080409254495700_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1039\/c5bm00552c","article-title":"Curcumin loaded\nmesoporous silica: an effective drug delivery system for cancer treatment","volume":"4","author":"Kotcherlakota","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomater. 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Nutr."},{"key":"2026080409254495700_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.138611","article-title":"The dissolution and bioavailability\nof curcumin reinforced by loading into porous starch under solvent\nevaporation","volume":"287","author":"Niu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Bio. Macromol."},{"key":"2026080409254495700_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2022.108446","article-title":"Recent\nadvances in the synthesis\nand applications of pH-responsive CaCO3","volume":"187","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Eng. 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Anal."},{"key":"2026080409254495700_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apt.2016.01.012","article-title":"Soluble hydrolysis-resistant\ncomposite formulation of curcumin containing a-glucosyl hesperidin\nand polyvinylpyrrolidone","volume":"27","author":"Kadota","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Powder Technol."},{"key":"2026080409254495700_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2686","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20906","article-title":"Combined use of\ncrystalline salt\nforms and precipitation inhibitors to improve oral absorption of celecoxib\nfrom solid oral formulations","volume":"96","author":"Guzma\u0301n","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharm. 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