{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T15:02:58Z","timestamp":1785250978427,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"29","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014538","name":"Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4298\/B3\/DT.03.08\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4298\/B3\/DT.03.08\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014538","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (PDENs) have recently gained prominence as biocompatible, renewable nanocarriers, but lipid-dense tropical plants remain an underutilized vesicle reservoir and present substantial hurdles for efficient isolation. Here, we establish Pandanus conoideus (red fruit), a Papuan endemic with unusually high carotenoid, tocopherol, and unsaturated fatty acid content, as a new source of PDENs and develop a matrix-adapted polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) workflow for their scalable isolation from fresh fruit (RFF), dried simplicia (RFS), and long-stored red fruit oil (RFO). Differential centrifugation coupled with matrix-specific PEG precipitation and syringe filtration yielded RFO-derived PDENs (RFO-PDENs) with exosome-like hydrodynamic diameters (predominantly 30\u2013150 nm by nanoparticle tracking analysis), low polydispersity, and spherical, bilayered morphology by transmission electron microscopy, whereas RFF and RFS favored larger, more polydisperse vesicle\/aggregate populations. Optimization uncovered narrow matrix-dependent PEG \u201cwindows\u201d, with 8\u201310% PEG producing the most homogeneous, highly concentrated RFO-PDENs fraction (up to 1.2 \u00d7 1010 particles\/mL) using only benchtop equipment, thus enabling straightforward scale-up. Untargeted LC\u2013HRMS metabolomics of bulk RF-PDEN preparations revealed a complex metabolite landscape dominated by fatty acids and oxylipins, fatty acid amides, sphingolipids\/ceramides, amino acids, and cyclic peptides, together with signature P. conoideus antioxidants (\u03b1-tocopherol, \u03b1\/\u03b2-carotene) and dermatologically relevant metabolites such as azelaic acid. However, the presence of highly abundant signals with plausible nonendogenous or process-related origins (e.g., 4-undecylbenzenesulfonic acid) indicates that these data represent a composite PDENs preparation rather than a definitive catalog of enclosed vesicular cargo, and potential coprecipitation of matrix- or process-derived components cannot be excluded. Complementary label-free proteomics identified a low-complexity proteome enriched in plastid\/mitochondrial ribosomal proteins, Cytochrome b6f complex subunit VI, and a dense cohort of lectin and lectin receptor-like kinases that is consistent with translation\/redox-associated components and a lectin-enriched, signaling-candidate vesicle surface, while remaining preliminary and qualitative in nature. Collectively, these findings show that matrix-optimized PEG precipitation enables isolation of a high-yield RF-PDEN reservoir from challenging, lipid-rich red fruit oil with preserved membrane architecture and a composition consistent with bioactive lipid and antioxidant enrichment, while underscoring that proposed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, barrier-repair, or depigmenting applications of RFO-PDENs remain hypothesis-generating and will require future functional validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c02509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T01:25:51Z","timestamp":1784251551000},"page":"43705-43722","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterization of Matrix-Adapted PEG Isolation of\nExosome-Like Nanovesicles from\n                    <i>Pandanus conoideus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Lely","family":"Rahmawaty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Teknologi Bandung , , ,","place":["Bandung, Indonesia, 40132"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annisa N.","family":"Az Zahra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Teknologi Bandung , , ,","place":["Bandung, Indonesia, 40132"]},{"name":"Institut Teknologi Bandung , , ,","place":["Bandung, Indonesia, 40132"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Triati D. K.","family":"Wungu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Teknologi Bandung , , ,","place":["Bandung, Indonesia, 40132"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0826-3134","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anggraini","family":"Barlian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Teknologi Bandung , , ,","place":["Bandung, Indonesia, 40132"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5468-4618","authenticated-orcid":true,"family":"Suprijadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Teknologi Bandung , , ,","place":["Bandung, Indonesia, 40132"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajps.2021.05.006","article-title":"Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles\nand Their Therapeutic Activities","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian J. Pharm.\nSci."},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2020.11.030","article-title":"Plant Exosome-Like\nNanovesicles: Emerging Therapeutics and Drug Delivery Nanoplatforms","volume":"29","author":"Dad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810110580900_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.18502\/kss.v1i1.432","article-title":"Morphological\nand Anatomical Structure of Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam.)","volume":"1","author":"Sianipar","year":"2016","journal-title":"KnE Soc. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072810110580900_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.26656\/fr.2017.2(2).152","article-title":"Characterization, Biological Activities, and Authentication\nof Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) Oil","volume":"2","author":"Rohman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810110580900_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.23917\/bioeksperimen.v3i1.3670","article-title":"Potency of Red Fruit\n(Pandanus conoideus Lam.) in Lowering LDL Levels in Diabetic White\nRats (Rattus norvegicus L.)","volume":"3","author":"Agnesa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioeksperimen"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810110580900_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"012019","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1665\/1\/012019","article-title":"Nutrient Content and Endemic Red\nFruit Oil (Pandanus austrosinensis) Fatty Acid Profile in Papua Indonesia","volume":"1665","author":"Renyaan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Phys.: Conf. Ser."},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.profoo.2015.01.026","article-title":"Analysis of\n\u03b1-cryptoxanthin, \u03b2-cryptoxanthin, \u03b1-carotene, and\n\u03b2-carotene of Pandanus conoideus Oil by High-Performance Liquid\nChromatography (HPLC)","volume":"3","author":"Sarungallo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia Food Sci."},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7161","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28207161","article-title":"Chemical Composition,\nFunctional and Anticancer Properties of Carrot","volume":"28","author":"Mandrich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit9","first-page":"237","article-title":"Characterization\nof Chemical Properties, Lipid Profile, Total Phenol and Tocopherol\nContent of Oils Extracted from Nine Clones of Red Fruit (Pandanus\nconoideus)","volume":"49","author":"Sarungallo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Sci."},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.33096\/woh.v2i4.629","article-title":"Antioxidant Activity of Red Fruit\n(Pandanus conoideus Lam.) Ethanol Extract Using the Ferric Reducing\nAntioxidant Power (FRAP) Method","author":"Wabula","year":"2019","journal-title":"Window Health\nJ. Kesehat."},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7489795","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7489795","article-title":"Association\nof Glycemic Indices (Hyperglycemia, Glucose Variability, and Hypoglycemia)\nwith Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Complications","volume":"2020","author":"Papachristoforou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810110580900_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.20884\/1.jm.2024.19.1.9029","article-title":"Bioactivity of Papua Red Fruit Extract\n(Pandanus conoideus L.) Against Superoxide dismutase, Malondialdehyde\nand Blood Glucose of Rat (Rattus norvegicus L.) Hyperglycemia","volume":"19","author":"Mokosuli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit13","first-page":"452","article-title":"Innovation of Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus) as a Primary\nDressing to Maintain Moisture to Accelerate the Healing of Diabetic\nWounds","volume":"3","author":"Rivan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Husada Mahakam"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026072810110580900_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10186","DOI":"10.29303\/jppipa.v9i11.4677","article-title":"Utilization of Red Fruit on the Growth of Tissue Granulation\nin Diabetic Wounds","volume":"9","author":"Tondok","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Penelit. Pendidik."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072810110580900_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.20473\/jfiki.v10i22023.173-183","article-title":"Antihyperglycemic Activity of Red\nFruit Oil (Pandanus conoideus Lam) on Improving Kidney Function in\nSTZ-NA-Induced Nephropathy Rats","volume":"10","author":"Khairani","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Farm. Kefarm\nScience. Indonesia"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810110580900_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.22146\/ijbiotech.8636","article-title":"Cytotoxicity\nof Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lamk.) Extract on Breast Cancer Cell\nLine (T47D)","volume":"19","author":"Nuringtyas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indones. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578X20953664","article-title":"Pandanus conoideus Lamk Oil Protects\nAgainst Inflammation Through Regulating Reactive Oxygen Species in\nLPS-Induced Murine Macrophages","volume":"15","author":"Rhee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2022.8005","article-title":"In Vitro and In Vivo Study of Pandanus conoideus Oil\nExtract in the Maturation of Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages","volume":"10","author":"Wiyarta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit19","first-page":"3261","article-title":"Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam)\nas an Immunomodulator: A Scoping Review","volume":"21","author":"Asih","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem.\nCell. Arch."},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2024.1742","article-title":"Carotenoids in red\nfruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) have a potential\nrole as an anti-pigmentation agent (Review)","volume":"20","author":"Trisnawaty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Rep."},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit21","first-page":"85","article-title":"Red Fruit Extract Cream (Pandanus\nconoideus) 10% Is as Effective as Hydroquinone Cream 4% in Preventing\nan Increase in the Amount of Melanin in the Skin of Guinea Pigs (Cavia\nporcellus) Exposed to Ultraviolet B Rays","volume":"10","author":"Dumaria","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\nBiomedik"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072810110580900_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.22159\/ijap.2022v14i5.44314","article-title":"Formulation of Red\nFruit Oil Nanoemulsion Using Sucrose Palmitate","volume":"14","author":"Jufri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Pharm."},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit23","first-page":"227","article-title":"Formulation of\nSelf Nano-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) Loaded Red Fruit\nOil (Pandanus conoideus Lamk.) Using Biodegradable Nutraceutical Surfactant","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Technology\nand Social Science (ICTSS)","author":"Setiawan","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2024.105707","article-title":"Formulation and\nEvaluation of Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus) Oil-Based Nanoemulsion\nLoaded Thermosensitive Gel Combined with Solid Microneedle for Topical\nDelivery","volume":"96","author":"Elim","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Drug Delivery Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810110580900_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.22146\/mot.73135","article-title":"The Effectiveness of Red Fruit Oil\n(Pandanus conideus Lamk.) Emulgel on the Acceleration of the Incision\nWound Healing Process","volume":"27","author":"Inayatilah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trad. Med. J."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026072810110580900_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5847","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.4c00535","article-title":"Scalable Purification, Storage, and Release\nof Plant-Derived Nanovesicles for Local Therapy Using Nanostructured\nAll-Cellulose Composite Membranes","volume":"25","author":"Pratiwi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6466","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186466","article-title":"A Review of Exosomal Isolation Methods:\nIs Size Exclusion Chromatography the Best Option?","volume":"21","author":"Sidhom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072810110580900_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-024-05191-x","article-title":"Exosome Isolation\nbased on Polyethylene Glycol (PEG): A Review","volume":"480","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4987","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S420748","article-title":"Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanovesicles: Current Progress and Prospects","volume":"18","author":"Mu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026072810110580900_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70974","article-title":"Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles: Innovative Nanomedicine\nfor Therapeutic Applications","volume":"13","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.101613","article-title":"Exosome Isolation and Characterization\nfor Advanced Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications","volume":"31","author":"Mukerjee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhip.2024.06.001","article-title":"Progress, Challenges,\nand Prospects of Small Extracellular Vesicles Isolation and Characterization","volume":"5","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Holistic Integr. Pharm."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026072810110580900_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4715","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30244715","article-title":"Comparative Analysis\nof the Composition of Exosome-like Nanoparticles from Dried and Fresh\nPortulaca oleracea L","volume":"30","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.04.023","article-title":"Isolation of Cabbage Exosome-Like\nNanovesicles and Investigation of Their Biological Activities in Human\nCells","volume":"6","author":"You","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioact Mater."},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.4103\/tcmj.tcmj_160_24","article-title":"Simple, Economical, and High-Yield\nMethod for Polyethylene Glycol-Based Extraction of Follicular and\nSerum-Derived Extracellular Vesicles","volume":"37","author":"Khine","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tzu Chi\nMed. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072810110580900_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.2174\/0122117385281838240105110106","article-title":"Potential of Plant-derived\nExosome-like Nanoparticles from Physalis peruviana Fruit for Human\nDermal Fibroblast Regeneration and Remodeling","volume":"13","author":"Natania","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharm. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0304335","article-title":"Isolation and Characterization\nof Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles from Carica papaya L.\nFruit and Their Potential as Anti-Inflammatory Agent","volume":"19","author":"Iriawati","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296259","article-title":"Isolation of Plant-Derived\nExosome-Like Nanoparticles (PDENs) from Solanum nigrum L. Berries\nand Their Effect on Interleukin-6 Expression as a Potential Anti-Inflammatory\nAgent","volume":"19","author":"Emmanuela","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4598","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.97096","article-title":"Exosome-Like Nanoparticles Derived\nfrom Fruits, Vegetables, and Herbs: Innovative Strategies of Therapeutic\nand Drug Delivery","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S448905","article-title":"Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles:\nEmerging Nanosystems for Enhanced Tissue Engineering","volume":"19","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s40580-025-00509-x","article-title":"Efficient Methods of Isolation and\nPurification of Extracellular Vesicles","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano\nConverg."},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11020186","article-title":"Methodologies\nto Isolate and Purify Clinical Grade Extracellular Vesicles for Medical\nApplications","volume":"11","author":"Akbar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2024.102924","article-title":"Protocol to Produce Plant-Based Hybrid Nanovesicles\nfrom Fresh Turmeric and Pepper Using Polyethylene Glycol","volume":"5","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"STAR Protocol."},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58111600","article-title":"Optimizing Concentration\nof Polyethylene Glycol for Exosome Isolation from Plasma for Downstream\nApplication","volume":"58","author":"Tangwattanachuleeporn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072810110580900_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15020408","article-title":"Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Raw Material Geographic\nOrigin as a Key Factor Shaping the Quality of Ginger-Derived Exosome-like\nNanovesicles","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072810110580900_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-025-04928-2","article-title":"Metabolomics, Chemometrics,\nIn Silico and In Vitro Analyses Reveal Functional Food Phytochemicals\nof Indonesian Spices for Antioxidant, Anticancer, Anti-Aging, and\nAnti-Obesity Potential","volume":"252","author":"Tjandrawinata","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.132856","article-title":"Untargeted metabolomics and proteomics\napproach using liquid chromatography-Orbitrap high resolution mass\nspectrometry to detect pork adulteration in Pangasius hypopthalmus\nmeat","volume":"386","author":"Windarsih","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2024.111237","article-title":"Diversity of the Non-Targeted Metabolomic\nData across Various Varieties of Cloves (Syzygium spp.)","volume":"58","author":"Kusuma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Data Brief"},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8545347","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8545347","article-title":"Isolation\nof extracellular vesicles: General Methodologies and Latest Trends","volume":"2018","author":"Konoshenko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2020.461773","article-title":"Modern Isolation and Separation Techniques\nfor Extracellular Vesicles","volume":"1636","author":"Liangsupree","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27066","DOI":"10.3402\/jev.v4.27066","article-title":"Biological Properties\nof Extracellular Vesicles and Their Physiological Functions","volume":"4","author":"Ya\u0301n\u0303ez-Mo\u0301","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810110580900_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-018-0250-9","article-title":"Specificities of Secretion\nand Uptake of Exosomes and Other Extracellular Vesicles for Cell-To-Cell\nCommunication","volume":"21","author":"Mathieu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2026072810110580900_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429591","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1429591","article-title":"Oleic acid attenuates asthma pathogenesis\nvia Th1\/Th2 immune cell modulation, TLR3\/4-NF-\u03baB-related inflammation\nsuppression, and intrinsic apoptotic pathway induction","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. 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