{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T12:13:17Z","timestamp":1788437597181,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"34","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019305","name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019305","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EMDR\/SG\/13\/20235367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EMDR\/SG\/13\/20235367"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our aim was to develop an accurate, precise, and reliable RP-HPLC method for estimating ferrous fumarate and ascorbic acid in pro-liposomes. The aim was to make the analytical method simple, environmentally friendly, and accurate. To measure ferrous fumarate (FF) and ascorbic acid (AA), an isocratic method was used in an HPLC, with 220 and 245 nm detection, using phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) and methanol (95:5). It was found that AA and FF were retained for 6.4 and 8.3 min, respectively. A linear relationship was observed between 0.1 and 50 \u03bcg\/mL for both ferrous fumarate (r2 = 0.994) and ascorbic acid (r2 = 0.999). The resolution between the two peaks \u22652, tailing factor (TF) \u22642, and theoretical plate count &amp;gt;2000 were evaluated and recorded as system suitability parameters. The LOD and LOQ for FF were calculated to be 0.52 and 1.58 \u03bcg\/mL, respectively, whereas the same for AA were calculated to be 0.17 and 0.53 \u03bcg\/mL, respectively. The validation method was tested under various conditions, including flow rate, injection volume, column temperature, and mobile phase ratio. Additionally, the optimized method was successfully used to estimate the entrapment efficiency for FF and AA in the developed pro-liposomes, which were found to be 92 and 65%, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c02561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:26:39Z","timestamp":1787070399000},"page":"50922-50932","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and\nValidation of a Simultaneous RP-HPLC\nMethod for the Estimation of Ferrous Fumarate and Ascorbic Acid for\nPharmaceutical Quality Control"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Vinay","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education , , , ,","place":["Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muralidhar","family":"Pisay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education , , , ,","place":["Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anoushka","family":"Mukharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education , , , ,","place":["Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Komal","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education , , , ,","place":["Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3697-2632","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sanjay","family":"Bharati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education , , , ,","place":["Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6447-5759","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muddukrishna","family":"Badamane Sathyanarayana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education , , , ,","place":["Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0642-1928","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Srinivas","family":"Mutalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education , , , ,","place":["Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090307175537600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutos.2024.12.002","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Iron Deficiency\nAnemia and Its Variation with Different Gestational Age Systematic\nReview and Meta-Analysis","volume":"59","author":"Kebede","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. 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Pathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307175537600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2010.185","article-title":"A Comparison\nof the Bioavailability of Ferrous Fumarate and Ferrous Sulfate in\nNon-Anemic Mexican Women and Children Consuming a Sweetened Maize\nand Milk Drink","volume":"65","author":"Harrington","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090307175537600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-973X.119225","article-title":"Design of Sustained\nRelease Pellets of Ferrous Fumarate Using Cow Ghee as Hot-Melt Coating\nAgent","volume":"3","author":"Sakarkar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Invest."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090307175537600_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117383","article-title":"Ferrous\nSulfate Supplementation Causes Significant Gastrointestinal Side-Effects\nin Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"10","author":"Tolkien","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090307175537600_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.17485\/ijst\/2010\/v3i9.10","article-title":"Formulation\nof Ferrous\nFumarate (Combination) Tablets by Using a Direct-Compression Method","volume":"3","author":"Sultana","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J. Sci. 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Gynecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307175537600_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/bmme.1995.1001","article-title":"Proposed\nRole for a Combination of Citric Acid and Ascorbic Acid in the Production\nof Dietary Iron Overload: A Fundamental Cause of Disease","volume":"54","author":"Crawford","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochem. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090307175537600_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578X0900400506","article-title":"Vitamin C\nand the Role of Citrus Juices as Functional Food","volume":"4","author":"Marti\u0301","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. 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Sci."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2026090307175537600_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2014.05.024","article-title":"Continuous Manufacturing\nof Solid Lipid Nanoparticles by Hot Melt Extrusion","volume":"471","author":"Patil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"2026090307175537600_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2025.107180","article-title":"Optimizing MYCi975\nDelivery Using PLGA Nanoparticles for Triple Negative Breast Cancer\nTherapy: Characterization and in Vitro Evaluation","volume":"111","author":"Raj","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Drug Delivery Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090307175537600_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2023.105058","article-title":"Vitamin-C Decorated\nPEGylated PAMAM Dendrimers for Effective Inhibition of Amyloid Aggregation\nand Improved in Vivo Pharmacokinetics","volume":"89","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Drug\nDelivery Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026090307175537600_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2938","DOI":"10.1021\/jf8031205","article-title":"Preparation\nand PH Stability of Ferrous\nGlycinate Liposomes","volume":"57","author":"Ding","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307175537600_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S54413","article-title":"Novel Sulpiride-Loaded Solid Lipid\nNanoparticles with Enhanced Intestinal Permeability","volume":"9","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"2026090307175537600_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.092","article-title":"Development and Performance\nEvaluation of Novel Nanoparticles of a Grafted Copolymer Loaded with\nCurcumin","volume":"86","author":"Mutalik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090307175537600_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(00)00924-9","article-title":"Effect\nof Temperature and Flow-Rate on Analysis of Basic Compounds in High-Performance\nLiquid Chromatography Using a Reversed-Phase Column","volume":"902","author":"McCalley","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307175537600_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1997.2035","article-title":"Ascorbic\nAcid and Dehydroascorbic Acid Interconversion without Net Oxidation\nor Reduction","volume":"247","author":"Deutsch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026090307175537600_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/POLYM15193890","article-title":"Optimization of\nBromocriptine-Mesylate-Loaded Polycaprolactone\nNanoparticles Coated with Chitosan for Nose-to-Brain Delivery: In\nVitro and In Vivo Studies","volume":"15","author":"Badran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"2026090307175537600_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzab059_029","article-title":"In Vitro Dissolution Evidence for\nSustained and Prolonged\nRelease of Vitamin C in a Phosphatidyl Choline-Enriched Lipid Encapsulation","volume":"5","author":"Sharafi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Dev. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307175537600_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-84647-y","article-title":"A Quality by Design\nHPLC Method for Cephalosporin Analysis in Pharmaceuticals and Water\nSamples with Environmental Impact Assessment","volume":"15","author":"Alqahtani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. 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