{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T15:00:21Z","timestamp":1785250821599,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"29","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017170","name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TUFF56\/2569"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TUFF56\/2569"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017170","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Plastic waste has become an environmental problem because it has low recyclability, and it takes time to degrade. Pyrolysis of these wastes represents a promising alternative to transform waste plastic bags into useful fuels. The focus of this work is on the production of bio-oil derived from used plastic bags, via a fixed-bed pyrolysis unit coupled with a hot biochar bed and temperature-controlled condensation setup. The operation temperature of this setup is set at 500 \u00b0C, with condensation temperature in the range from \u221210 to \u221240 \u00b0C, in order to investigate vapor fractionation behavior as well as improved fuel quality. Based on the experimental outcomes, it is observed that lowering the condensation temperature leads to substantial augmentation in the yield of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons, with an increasing amount of bio-oil from 10.5% at \u221210 \u00b0C to 32.7% at \u221240 \u00b0C, concurrent with a reduction in gas yield, observed from 27.4% to 5.4%, respectively. Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the samples further identifies benzene and toluene as major constituents at lower temperatures (\u221240 \u00b0C and \u221230 \u00b0C), as compared to longer-chain compounds like cyclononane at higher temperatures (\u221220 \u00b0C and \u221210 \u00b0C). The fuel characteristics such as heating value (41.2 to 42.9 MJ\/kg), density (723.5 to 741.8 kg\/m3), and viscosity (0.7 to 1.2 cSt) are close to gasoline standards. The presence of a large amount of paraffin with negligible oxygenates has been further ensured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). This clearly shows that the use of controlled condensation and biochar filtration helps in creating a strong potential for the reduction of low-cost plastic waste into cleaner bio-oil.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c02676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T16:03:47Z","timestamp":1783785827000},"page":"43735-43747","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Production of Biogasoline from Plastic Waste through\nPyrolysis Using a Temperature-Controlled Condenser Technique"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Nattadon","family":"Pannucharoenwong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thammasat University , , , ,","place":["Khlong Nueng, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 12121"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4744-1618","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Snunkhaem","family":"Echaroj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thammasat University , , , ,","place":["Khlong Nueng, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 12121"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keyoon","family":"Duanguppama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kalasin University , , Song Plueai Sub-District, Na Mon District, , ,","place":["Kalasin, Kalasin Province, Thailand, 46230"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanatorn","family":"Tanantong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thammasat University , , , ,","place":["Khlong Nueng, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 12121"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumpanat","family":"Chaiphet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kalasin University , , Song Plueai Sub-District, Na Mon District, , ,","place":["Kalasin, Kalasin Province, Thailand, 46230"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinnapat","family":"Turakarn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kalasin University , , Song Plueai Sub-District, Na Mon District, , ,","place":["Kalasin, Kalasin Province, Thailand, 46230"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phadungsak","family":"Ratanadecho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thammasat University , , , ,","place":["Khlong Nueng, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 12121"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit1","unstructured":"World Bank.\n          .  What a Waste\n2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050World Bank: Washington (DC); 2018."},{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit2","unstructured":"United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).\n          .  Global\nWaste Management Outlook 2024: Beyond an Age of\nWaste\u2500Turning Rubbish into a ResourceUNEP: Nairobi; 2024."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026072810120771400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1700782","article-title":"Production,\nuse, and fate of all\nplastics ever made","volume":"3","author":"Geyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810120771400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1039\/D4SU00504J","article-title":"Pyrolysis\nof waste plastics for alternative\nfuel: a review of key factors","volume":"3","author":"Yaqoob","year":"2025","journal-title":"RSC Sustainable"},{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.118154","article-title":"Recent Advances\nin Liquid Fuel Production from Plastic Waste via Pyrolysis: Emphasis\non Polyolefins and Polystyrene","volume":"246","author":"Valizadeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026072810120771400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6765","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.1c00342","article-title":"Insight into Polyethylene\nand Polypropylene Pyrolysis: Global and Mechanistic Models","volume":"35","author":"Harmon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Fuels."},{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.03.084","article-title":"A review on\nthermal and catalytic pyrolysis of plastic solid waste (PSW)","volume":"197","author":"Al-Salem","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026072810120771400_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2023.07.020","article-title":"On the intrinsic reaction\nkinetics of polypropylene\npyrolysis","volume":"6","author":"Sidhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Matter."},{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.115094","article-title":"Maximising\nnaphtha-range hydrocarbons\nfrom thermal pyrolysis of polyolefin-rich mixed plastic waste by split-plot\nresponse surface methodology","volume":"206","author":"Strien","year":"2025","journal-title":"Waste Manage."},{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2024.106520","article-title":"Transformation\nof biomass and waste plastic mixtures\ninto hydrocarbon oils and gases by pyrolysis using different reactor\ntemperatures and pressures","volume":"180","author":"Miskolczi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis"},{"issue":"24","key":"2026072810120771400_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11908","DOI":"10.1039\/D4GC04029E","article-title":"The effects of polyolefin\nstructure and source on pyrolysis-derived plastic oil composition","volume":"26","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Green Chemistry."},{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit12","unstructured":"Manomayidthikarn, K. A.; Sukchai\n          Converting\nMarine Plastic Debris into\nUseful Fuel: A Case Study of Nylon Netting Fragments and Discarded\nPlastic Bags in Rayong, Thailand, SEAFDEC\nInstitutional Repository2025."},{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.32526\/ennrj\/21\/202200270","article-title":"Feasibility Study of\nPlastic Waste\nPyrolysis from Municipal Solid Waste Landfill with Spent FCC Catalyst","volume":"21","author":"Chotiratanasak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Nat. Res. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072810120771400_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.61435\/ijred.2025.60569","article-title":"Induction heating pyrolysis of landfilled\nplastic waste\ninto valuable hydrocarbon fuels","volume":"14","author":"Phongsakul","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Renew.\nEnergy Dev."},{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su14159026","article-title":"Effects of Heating\nRate and Temperature on the Yield of Thermal Pyrolysis of a Random\nWaste Plastic Mixture","volume":"14","author":"Riesco-A\u0301vila","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s10163-023-01846-x","article-title":"Response surface design,\nmodelling and analysis on pyrolysis of waste high-density polyethylene\n(HDPE)","volume":"26","author":"Kolandasami","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manage."},{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1007\/s10163-022-01549-9","article-title":"Effects of\ntemperature zones on pyrolysis products of mixed plastic waste","volume":"25","author":"Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manage."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810120771400_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s10163-023-01846-x","article-title":"Response surface design,\nmodelling and analysis on pyrolysis of waste high-density polyethylene\n(HDPE)","volume":"26","author":"Manickavelan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag."},{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit19","article-title":"Thermal Pyrolysis\nof Plastic Waste: The Effect of Temperature and Heating Rate on the\nYield of the Pyrolytic Oil","volume-title":"ICEIPE\u201924","author":"Marir","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.1007\/s00396-025-05491-8","article-title":"Comparison of various plastic wastes in catalytic pyrolysis process:\npyrolysis behavior and product formation over HZSM-5","volume":"303","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Colloid Polym. Sci."},{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2019.111816","article-title":"Two-step catalytic\nco-pyrolysis of\nwalnut shell and LDPE for aromatic-rich oil","volume":"198","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Convers. 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Chem."},{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.4c05204","article-title":"Pyrolysis of\nPolyethylene: Chemical\nKinetics, Mass Transfer, and Reflux System","volume":"39","author":"Zairin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2023.05.231","article-title":"Improving fuel quality from plastic bag waste pyrolysis\nby controlling condensation temperature","volume":"9","author":"Pannucharoenwong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy\nReports."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810120771400_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s12649-020-00994-7","article-title":"Simulation of the Condensation and Fractionation Unit\nin Waste Plastics Pyrolysis Plant","volume":"12","author":"Krzywda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Waste Biomass\nValorization"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810120771400_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.12911\/22998993\/195533","article-title":"Investigation\nand characterization\nof polypropylene plastic waste pyrolysis oil: Effect of temperature\nand fractional condensation","volume":"26","author":"Mufrodi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ecol Eng."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026072810120771400_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9720","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c07257","article-title":"Distilled Waste Plastic Oil as Fuel\nfor a Diesel Engine: Fuel Production, Combustion Characteristics,\nand Exhaust Gas Emissions","volume":"7","author":"Arjharn","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810120771400_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2008.07.026","article-title":"Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of\npolyethylene over HZSM5 and HUSY zeolites in a batch reactor under\ndynamic conditions","volume":"86","author":"Marcilla","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Catal., B"},{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.03.084","article-title":"A review on\nthermal and catalytic pyrolysis of plastic solid waste (PSW)","volume":"197","author":"Al-Salem","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pr10081497","article-title":"Recent Advances in Catalytic Pyrolysis of Municipal Plastic Waste\nfor the Production of Hydrocarbon Fuels","volume":"10","author":"Pal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.01.142","article-title":"Thermochemical\nroutes for the valorization of waste polyolefinic plastics to produce\nfuels and chemicals. A review","volume":"73","author":"Lopez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Renewable Sustainable\nEnergy Rev."},{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2016.06.022","article-title":"Catalytic\nPyrolysis of Plastic Waste: A Review","volume":"102","author":"Miandad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Process\nSaf. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/er.949","article-title":"Hydrocarbon gases and\noils from the recycling of polystyrene waste\nby catalytic pyrolysis","volume":"28","author":"Williams","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Energy Res."},{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s12649-011-9067-5","article-title":"Waste Polyolefins\nto Liquid Fuels\nvia Pyrolysis: Review of Commercial State-of-the-Art and Recent Laboratory\nResearch","volume":"2","author":"Butler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Waste and Biomass Valorization."},{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit38","unstructured":"IEA Advanced Motor Fuels (AMF).\n          . Diesel and gasoline: fuel information\n(typical elemental composition\n\u223c86 wt.% C and \u223c14 wt.% H)2026https:\/\/www.iea-amf.org\/content\/fuel_information\/diesel_gasoline\/."},{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899x\/334\/1\/012001","article-title":"Pyrolysis of plastic\nwaste for liquid fuel production as prospective energy resource","volume":"334","author":"Dayana","year":"2018","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser.:Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12104822","article-title":"Fractional\nCondensation of Fast Pyrolysis\nBio-Oil to Improve Biocrude Quality towards Alternative Fuels Production","volume":"12","author":"Mati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026072810120771400_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29184325","article-title":"Upgrading\nof Pyrolysis Bio-Oil by Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation, a\nReview Focused on Catalysts, Model Molecules, Deactivation, and Reaction\nRoutes","volume":"29","author":"Di\u0301az","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"14","key":"2026072810120771400_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app14146156","article-title":"Management of Plastic\nWastes through Recent Advanced\nPyrolysis Processes","volume":"14","author":"Shareefdeen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/catal11020157","article-title":"Recent Catalytic\nAdvances in Hydrotreatment Processes of Pyrolysis Bio-Oil","volume":"11","author":"Bagnato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Catalysts"},{"key":"2026072810120771400_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2021.121440","article-title":"Drop-in\nfuel production with plastic waste pyrolysis oil over catalytic\nseparation","volume":"305","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072810120771400_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ce\/zkae092","article-title":"Integrated\ntwo-step co-pyrolysis under several low-cost natural catalysts to\nproduce aromatic-rich liquid fuel from mixed municipal solid waste","volume":"9","author":"Gandidi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clean Energy."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c02676","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/29\/43735\/65883650\/acsomega.6c02676.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/29\/43735\/65883650\/acsomega.6c02676.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T14:12:22Z","timestamp":1785247942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/29\/43735\/5206967\/Production-of-Biogasoline-from-Plastic-Waste"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"29","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c02676","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]}}}