{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:13:10Z","timestamp":1788221590174,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":200,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"33","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from plant extracts offers a sustainable route to obtaining functional nanomaterials. However, establishing robust relationships between structure and properties remains challenging due to the inherent heterogeneity of nanoparticle populations. In this study, AuNPs derived from acerola leaf extracts were synthesized under systematically varied conditions and characterized using a coupled experimental and distributional framework combining UV\u2013vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), \u03b6-potential and electrophoretic mobility measurements, FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and LC-Orbitrap mass spectrometry of the acerola extract. To robustly capture size heterogeneity, unsupervised statistical learning was applied to the DLS data, enabling distribution-level modeling rather than relying on single-value descriptors. The resulting size distributions were modeled using kernel density estimation, selected using quantile-quantile analysis, log-likelihood, and Wasserstein distance metrics. This approach allowed for the resolution of multimodal populations and aggregation tails that are not captured solely by average diameters. Correlated analysis of electrokinetic behavior, surface functional groups, and TEM-derived size and shape metrics reveals that colloidal stability and optical responses are governed by the combined effects of surface chemistry and population dispersion. This integrative, distribution-aware methodology provides a reproducible strategy for evaluating green synthesis parameters and supports the rational development of AuNPs with controlled properties relevant to biomedical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c03011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T18:01:52Z","timestamp":1786471312000},"page":"49541-49565","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multimodal Characterization\nof Acerola-Derived Gold\nNanoparticles through Integrated Advanced Distributional Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1923-9093","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luis Diego","family":"Mora-Araya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Tecnolo\u0301gico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional, Universidad Estatal a Distancia , , ,","place":["Heredia, Costa Rica, 86-3000"]},{"name":"CeNAT-CONARE , , ,","place":["San Jose\u0301, Costa Rica, 10109"]},{"name":"Centro Oncolo\u0301gico Costarricense (COC) , ,","place":["San Jose\u0301, Costa Rica, 10107"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Miguel","family":"Zu\u0301n\u0303iga-Uman\u0303a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CeNAT-CONARE , , ,","place":["San Jose\u0301, Costa Rica, 10109"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reynaldo","family":"Pereira-Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CeNAT-CONARE , , ,","place":["San Jose\u0301, Costa Rica, 10109"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio A.","family":"Paniagua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CeNAT-CONARE , , ,","place":["San Jose\u0301, Costa Rica, 10109"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Gamboa-Villalobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CeNAT-CONARE , , ,","place":["San Jose\u0301, Costa Rica, 1174-1200"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CeNAT-CONARE , , ,","place":["San Jose\u0301, Costa Rica, 1174-1200"]},{"name":"Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Costa Rica , , ,","place":["San Jose\u0301, Costa Rica, 11501-2060"]},{"name":"Universidad de Costa Rica , , ,","place":["San Jose\u0301, Costa Rica, 11501-2060"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2002-1744","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jose","family":"Vega-Baudrit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CeNAT-CONARE , , ,","place":["San Jose\u0301, Costa Rica, 10109"]},{"name":"Escuela de Qui\u0301mica, Universidad Nacional (UNA) , ,","place":["Heredia, Costa Rica, 40101"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026083119153085500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0763","article-title":"Multifunctional Au\u2013Ag\u2013Cr Nanocomposites:\nFrom Multiplex Sensing and Advanced Logic Computing to Scalable Information\nProtection","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"2026083119153085500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1039\/D5NH00292C","article-title":"The Gold Nanoparticle\u2013Lipid\nMembrane Synergy for Nanomedical Applications","volume":"10","author":"Caselli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nanoscale Horiz."},{"key":"2026083119153085500_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1007\/s44174-025-00295-4","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review on the Green\nSynthesis of Nanoparticles: Advancements in Biomedical and Environmental\nApplications","volume":"4","author":"Kirubakaran","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biomed. 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