{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T17:29:48Z","timestamp":1787074188329,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005639","name":"Universidade de S?o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005639","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The self-heating and spontaneous combustion of grains represent a significant fire risk in agricultural storage systems, frequently occurring in the absence of external ignition sources. In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were investigated as chemical markers to reconstruct the evolution of the deterioration and thermal escalation processes associated with self-heating in stored corn. Gas chromatography with headspace sampling coupled to mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) was used to characterize the VOCs in samples from real fire scenarios and from simulation experiments under controlled conditions. The results suggested a progressive transition from biological deterioration to thermochemical degradation. The mapping of these chemical markers provided supportive evidence for the establishment of a timeline of thermal evolution, culminating in the signatures associated with smoldering combustion. These results highlight the potential of HS-GC-MS as a valuable analytical tool for the chemical reconstruction of fires involving stored grains, providing evidence that assists in the identification of self-heating processes and strengthens the scientific determination of the cause in agricultural storage incidents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c03108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T14:01:57Z","timestamp":1786111317000},"page":"47804-47816","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chemical Indicators\nof Self-Heating and Spontaneous\nCombustion in Stored Grains Investigated by HS-GC-MS"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6669-0882","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paula Baptista","family":"Leme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sa\u0303o Paulo (USP) , , , ,","place":["Lorena, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil, 12602-810"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo Cabral","family":"Ferraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sa\u0303o Paulo (USP) , , , ,","place":["Lorena, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil, 12602-810"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa Cristina Brazil","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sa\u0303o Paulo (USP) , , , ,","place":["Lorena, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil, 12602-810"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauri\u0301cio Lamano","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sa\u0303o Paulo (USP) , , , ,","place":["Lorena, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil, 12602-810"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliane Corre\u0302a","family":"Pedrozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sa\u0303o Paulo (USP) , , , ,","place":["Lorena, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil, 12602-810"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fla\u0301vio Teixeira","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sa\u0303o Paulo (USP) , , , ,","place":["Lorena, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil, 12602-810"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081811111607600_cit1","volume-title":"NFPA 921: guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations","author":"NFPA.","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026081811111607600_cit2","volume-title":"Glossa\u0301rio Ilustrado:\ninspec\u0327a\u0303o, Regulac\u0327a\u0303o e Engenharia de Ince\u0302ndio","author":"Fundac\u0327a\u0303o Escola Nacional de Seguros.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026081811111607600_cit3","volume-title":"Silage and Hay Preservation","author":"Pitt","year":"1990"},{"key":"2026081811111607600_cit4","unstructured":"Costa, J. 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Hazard.\nMater."},{"key":"2026081811111607600_cit17","volume-title":"Lehninger Principles\nof Biochemistry","author":"Nelson","year":"2017","edition":"7th"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081811111607600_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1017974313294","article-title":"Autooxidation\nof unsaturated fatty acids and their esters","volume":"65","author":"Litwinienko","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"2026081811111607600_cit19","unstructured":"Machado, Y. L.\n          \n          Avaliac\u0327a\u0303o\nda estabilidade oxidativa e determinac\u0327a\u0303o da cine\u0301tica\nde oxidac\u0327a\u0303o de o\u0301leos vegetais, a\u0301cido oleico\ne biodiesel utilizando o me\u0301todo PetroOXY (ASTM D7545); Ph.D. Thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande\ndo Norte: Natal, Brazil; 2014."},{"key":"2026081811111607600_cit20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Desastres com silos verticais no Brasil. Uma breve coleta\u0302nea\nde acontecimentos e suas causas","volume-title":"Congresso Te\u0301cnico\nCienti\u0301fico da Engenharia e da Agronomia (CONTECC)","author":"Lopes Neto","year":"2018"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026081811111607600_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.17648\/2359-4837\/flammae.v4n11.p155-169","article-title":"Estudo prospectivo dos ince\u0302ndios e exploso\u0303es\nem unidades industriais de beneficiamento e armazenamento de gra\u0303os\nno estado do Parana\u0301","volume":"4","author":"Zarpellon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. 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