{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:52:26Z","timestamp":1785851546283,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"30","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014810","name":"Fondazione di Sardegna","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CUP F73C23001560007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP F73C23001560007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014810","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014810","name":"Fondazione di Sardegna","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CZ.02.01.01\/00\/22_008\/0004558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZ.02.01.01\/00\/22_008\/0004558"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014810","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The development of novel materials and techniques for fingerprint detection remains a key challenge in forensic science, particularly for latent prints deposited on complex, multicolored, or low-contrast surfaces. Conventional detection methods often face limitations in sensitivity, selectivity, and environmental compatibility, prompting a search for innovative and sustainable alternatives. In this work, we report the synthesis and application of an SBA-15\/PhCN hybrid system as an efficient and eco-friendly material for the visible-light detection of both fresh and latent fingerprints on various substrates. The combination of mesoporous silica SBA-15, characterized by its high surface area and tunable pore architecture, with the photoreactive organic compound phenyl-doped carbon nitride (PhCN) results in a hybrid exhibiting enhanced optical response and strong interaction with fingerprint residues under visible illumination. The hybrid material was synthesized through a facile and reproducible route, thoroughly characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic analyses, and applied via a conventional powder dusting method. Its performance was systematically evaluated on glass, metal, and plastic substrates, demonstrating a high contrast and excellent ridge definition. The SBA-15\/PhCN hybrid exhibited strong visible-light activity and high selectivity toward fingerprint residues, confirming its potential as a sustainable, noninvasive, and cost-effective material for advanced forensic investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c03243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T18:49:45Z","timestamp":1784400585000},"page":"45027-45036","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optical Detection of Latent Fingerprints via SBA-15\/PhCN\nVisible-Light-Active Material"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Rusta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles University , , ,","place":["Prague 2, Czech Republic, 128 43"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2258-0697","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stefania","family":"Porcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cagliari , , S.p. no. 8 Km 0700 , , ,","place":["Monserrato, CA, Italy, 09042"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Picciau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Active Label S.r.l spin-off University of Cagliari , Via Africo 5 , ,","place":["Cagliari, Italy, 09126"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrica","family":"Tuveri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cagliari , , ,","place":["Cagliari, Italy, 09124"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4480-7175","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Corpino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cagliari , , S.p. no. 8 Km 0700 , , ,","place":["Monserrato, CA, Italy, 09042"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Chiriu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cagliari , , S.p. no. 8 Km 0700 , , ,","place":["Monserrato, CA, Italy, 09042"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2908-7739","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carla","family":"Cannas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cagliari , , ,","place":["Cagliari, Italy, 09124"]},{"name":"National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM) , ,","place":["Florence, Italy, 50121"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Coli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Investigation Department (RIS) of Cagliari , Via Ludovico Ariosto, 24 , , ,","place":["Cagliari, CA, Italy, 09129"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Cardia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Investigation Department (RIS) of Cagliari , Via Ludovico Ariosto, 24 , , ,","place":["Cagliari, CA, Italy, 09129"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pier Carlo","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cagliari , , S.p. no. 8 Km 0700 , , ,","place":["Monserrato, CA, Italy, 09042"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"19","key":"2026080409250197000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7733","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1018707108","article-title":"Accuracy and Reliability\nof Forensic Latent Fingerprint Decisions","volume":"108","author":"Ulery","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc.\nNatl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080409250197000_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2010.59","article-title":"Latent Fingerprint\nMatching","volume":"33","author":"Jain","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern\nAnal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026080409250197000_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.2307\/1138124","article-title":"Development of Latent Fingerprints on Greasy Surfaces","volume":"39","author":"Palla","year":"1949","journal-title":"J. Crim. Law Criminol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026080409250197000_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.21577\/1984-6835.20210083","article-title":"Fingerprint Development\nTechniques: A Review","volume":"13","author":"G Ferreira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Virtual Quim."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2026080409250197000_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1080\/02522667.2016.1224468","article-title":"A Review Study\non Latent Fingerprint Recognition Techniques","volume":"38","author":"Ezhilmaran","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Inf. Optim. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080409250197000_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41935-021-00252-4","article-title":"An Investigation\nof Latent Fingerprinting\nTechniques","volume":"11","author":"Dhaneshwar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Forensic Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080409250197000_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.47419\/bjbabs.v6i4.357","article-title":"Advances\nin Nanotechnology for Latent Fingerprint Detection","volume":"6","author":"Mohammed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Baghdad J. Biochem. Appl. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"2026080409250197000_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mewada, H.; Bhopal, V.\n          Detection of Latent Finger\nMarks Using Different Methods. 2025, No. January,\n17.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5093305"},{"key":"2026080409250197000_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2021.03.110","article-title":"Nanomaterials for Latent\nFingerprint Detection: A Review","volume":"12","author":"Prabakaran","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res.\nTechnol."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2026080409250197000_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2008.04.027","article-title":"Metal-Containing Nanoparticles\nand Nano-Structured Particles in Fingermark Detection","volume":"179","author":"Choi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026080409250197000_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wfs2.1341","article-title":"Nanoparticles\nUsed for Fingermark Detection\u2500A Comprehensive Review","volume":"1","author":"Kanodarwala","year":"2019","journal-title":"WIREs Forensic Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026080409250197000_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12890","article-title":"Development of Latent Fingermarks\non Various Surfaces\nUsing ZnO-SiO2 Nanopowder","volume":"60","author":"Arshad","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080409250197000_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2005.00006.x","article-title":"Detection\nof Visible and Latent Fingerprints Using Micro-X-Ray Fluorescence\nElemental Imaging","volume":"51","author":"Worley","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026080409250197000_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e22794","article-title":"Unveiling\nHidden Prints: Optically Stimulated Luminescence\nfor Latent Fingerprint Detection","volume":"9","author":"Pinna","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"14","key":"2026080409250197000_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201606243","article-title":"Fluorescent\nNanomaterials for the Development of Latent Fingerprints in Forensic\nSciences","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080409250197000_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s11998-024-00991-8","article-title":"Organic Fluorophores\nin Developing\nLatent Fingerprints: An up-to-Date Review","volume":"22","author":"Jain","year":"2025","journal-title":"J.\nCoat. Technol. Res."},{"issue":"November","key":"2026080409250197000_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2020.594864","article-title":"Recent Trends\nin Fluorescent\nOrganic Materials for Latent Fingerprint Imaging","volume":"8","author":"Lian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"issue":"March","key":"2026080409250197000_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2019.116582","article-title":"Non-Conjugated Organosilicone Fluorescent Nanoparticles\nfor Latent Fingerprint Detection","volume":"215","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Lumin."},{"key":"2026080409250197000_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2017.10.062","article-title":"Preparation of Fluorescently Labeled\nSilica Nanoparticles Using an Amino Acid-Catalyzed Seeds Regrowth\nTechnique: Application to Latent Fingerprints Detection and Hemocompatibility\nStudies","volume":"512","author":"Abdelwahab","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"2026080409250197000_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2019.115661","article-title":"Functionalized Nanomaterial\nfor Forensic Sample Analysis","volume":"120","author":"Rawtani","year":"2019","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal.\nChem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080409250197000_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41935-024-00388-z","article-title":"A Comprehensive\nReview on the Detection of Latent Fingermarks Using Carbon Dots","volume":"14","author":"Grover","year":"2024","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Forensic Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080409250197000_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12030400","article-title":"Highly Sensitive\nFingerprint Detection under UV Light on Non-Porous Surface Using Starch-Powder\nBased Luminol-Doped Carbon Dots (N-CDs) from Tender Coconut Water\nas a Green Carbon Source","volume":"12","author":"Nugroho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080409250197000_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings13020268","article-title":"Sensitive Fingerprint Detection Using\nBiocompatible Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Coating on Non-Porous\nSurfaces","volume":"13","author":"Bhati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Coatings"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026080409250197000_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4357","DOI":"10.1021\/la052797j","article-title":"Surface Modification\nof Silica Nanoparticles\nto Reduce Aggregation and Nonspecific Binding","volume":"22","author":"Bagwe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"issue":"October 2019","key":"2026080409250197000_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2019.144330","article-title":"Come to Light: Detailed\nAnalysis of Thermally Treated Phenyl Modified Carbon Nitride Polymorphs\nfor Bright Phosphors in Lighting Applications","volume":"504","author":"Porcu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026080409250197000_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.3390\/nano14181490","article-title":"Ordered versus\nNon-Ordered\nMesoporous CeO2-Based Systems for the Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl\nCarbonate from CO2","volume":"14","author":"Rusta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"issue":"24\u201325","key":"2026080409250197000_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2009.07.013","article-title":"Synthesis and Characterization of\nLarge Mesoporous Silica SBA-15 Sheets with Ordered Accessible 18 Nm\nPores","volume":"63","author":"Johansson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"2026080409250197000_cit28","unstructured":"Rouquerol, F.; Rouquerol, J.; Sing, K. S. W.\n          Adsorption by Powders\nand Porous Solids: Principles, Methodology and Applications, 1998."},{"issue":"June 2023","key":"2026080409250197000_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2023.109025","article-title":"Metal Oxide- and\nMetal-Loaded Mesoporous Carbon for Practical High-Performance Li-Ion\nBattery Anodes","volume":"119","author":"AbdelHamid","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"issue":"March","key":"2026080409250197000_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30829","article-title":"Wrinkled\nSilica\/Titania Nanoparticles with Tunable Interwrinkle Distances for\nEfficient Utilization of Photons in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells","volume":"6","author":"Kang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080409250197000_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c11277","article-title":"De Novo\nGreen Fluorescent Protein\nChromophore-Based Probes for Capturing Latent Fingerprints Using a\nPortable System","volume":"146","author":"Ruan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"June","key":"2026080409250197000_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2024.136154","article-title":"Enhanced Fluorescence\nImaging of Level 1\u20133 Latent Fingerprints\non Multi-Materials through Lipophilicity-Tunable Probes","volume":"417","author":"Zou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c03243","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/30\/45027\/66023242\/acsomega.6c03243.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/30\/45027\/66023242\/acsomega.6c03243.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:25:38Z","timestamp":1785849938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/30\/45027\/5215249\/Optical-Detection-of-Latent-Fingerprints-via-SBA"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"30","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c03243","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]]}}}