{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:45:08Z","timestamp":1791924308873,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"E.R.C thanks to Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci??n, Spain  and ???ERDF A way of making Europe??? by the European Union NextGenerationEU\/PRTR.","award":["Grant TED2021-130756B-C31 MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant TED2021-130756B-C31 MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Bi-doped ZnFe2O4 thin films were fabricated via spray pyrolysis across a systematic doping series (0\u20130.8 at.% Bi) and characterized for their structural, morphological, optical, and photocatalytic properties. X-ray diffraction confirmed phase-pure ZnFe2O4 with enhanced crystallinity at concentrations of \u2264 0.4 at.% Bi, while a secondary BiFeO3 phase emerged at 0.6% and 0.8% Bi, marking the solubility limit of Bi within the host lattice. The 0.4% Bi-doped film exhibited the most refined microstructure, a homogeneous surface morphology, and uniform elemental distribution of Bi throughout the Bi-ZnFe2O4 matrix. Optical studies revealed a systematic band gap reduction to 2.12 eV at 0.4% Bi, significantly extending visible-light absorption. Under visible-light irradiation, this composition achieved the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiencies across the series, 89% for rhodamine B (RhB) and 75% for metronidazole (MDZ), within 120 min. These results establish Bi doping concentration as the decisive parameter governing structural integrity, optical response, and photocatalytic activity in ZnFe2O4 thin films, positioning the 0.4 at.% Bi composition as a highly promising candidate for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic water treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c03278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T10:03:25Z","timestamp":1790589805000},"page":"60771-60784","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhanced Visible-Light\nPhotocatalytic Activity of\nBi-Doped ZnFe2O4 Thin Films toward Rhodamine\nB and Metronidazole Degradation"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fatma Ezzahra","family":"Dhif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tunis El Manar , , ,","place":["Tunis, Tunisia, 2092"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neila","family":"Jebbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tunis El Manar , , ,","place":["Tunis, Tunisia, 2092"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4751-1767","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Enrique","family":"Rodriguez Castellon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Ma\u0301laga , , Campus de Teatinos , ,","place":["Ma\u0301laga, Spain, 29071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1853-214X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pankaj","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology , , ,","place":["Lule\u00e5, Sweden, SE-97187"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2935-1165","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alberto","family":"Vomiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ca\u2019 Foscari University of Venice , , Via Torino 155 , ,","place":["Venezia Mestre, Italy, 30172"]},{"name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology , , ,","place":["Lule\u00e5, Sweden, SE-97187"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Moretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ca\u2019 Foscari University of Venice , , Via Torino 155 , ,","place":["Venezia Mestre, Italy, 30172"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najoua","family":"Turki-Kamoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tunis El Manar , , ,","place":["Tunis, Tunisia, 2092"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3270-1955","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kassa Belay","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ca\u2019 Foscari University of Venice , , Via Torino 155 , ,","place":["Venezia Mestre, Italy, 30172"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101315103755300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rechem.2025.102569","article-title":"Sustainable TiO2\/sludge\nceramic waste nanocomposite for high-efficiency Photodegradation of\nRhB","volume":"17","author":"Soliman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Results Chem."},{"key":"2026101315103755300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2023.127937","article-title":"B\u2013Sn\/TiO2 nanoparticles\nfor photodegradation of MDZ antibiotics under different lights","volume":"305","author":"Fahim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. 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