{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T14:00:07Z","timestamp":1785852007702,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"30","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\u03b1-Tocopherol (\u03b1-T) is a fat-soluble antioxidant known as vitamin E. Vitamin E exists in eight different forms. Nevertheless, \u03b1-T is the most active and biologically effective of these forms. It protects cell membranes, fat tissues, and other bodily structures from oxidative damage by combating free radicals within the body. In this study, the \u03b1-T contents of two different edible seed oils (wheat germ and pomegranate seed) were compared via innovative (electrochemical) and traditional (high-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC) techniques to determine the consistency between the methods. The electrochemical determination of \u03b1-T in vegetable oils was performed via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at a multiwall carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode in a sodium perchlorate\u2013acetonitrile medium. Additionally, the cyclic voltammogram of \u03b1-T showed two well-defined oxidation peaks. Using DPV, it was observed that the peak currents increased linearly with increasing \u03b1-T concentration in the range of 15.9\u2013182.5 \u03bcg\/L, with a detection limit of 0.23 \u03bcg\/L (0.54 nM). The developed electroanalytical method was applied to detect \u03b1-T amounts in vegetable oils, and the results were in agreement with those obtained via HPLC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c03350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T16:43:08Z","timestamp":1784738588000},"page":"45069-45076","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Determination of\nthe \u03b1-Tocopherol Content\nin Edible Seed Oils\n                    <i>via<\/i>\n                    HPLC and an Electrochemical\nApproach"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7831-6337","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tugca Bilenler","family":"Koc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Inonu University , , ,","place":["Malatya, Turkey, 44280"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebru Kuyumcu","family":"Savan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inonu University , , ,","place":["Malatya, Turkey, 44280"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilek","family":"Kaz\u0131c\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inonu University , , ,","place":["Malatya, Turkey, 44280"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U\u0308lku\u0308han","family":"Bag\u0306\u0131s\u0327","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cumhuriyet University , , ,","place":["Sivas, Turkey, 58700"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ihsan","family":"Karabulut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inonu University , , ,","place":["Malatya, Turkey, 44280"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"2026080409243260600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2007.12.009","article-title":"Chemical Composition\nand Oxidative Stability of Flax,\nSafflower and Poppy Seed and Seed Oils","volume":"99","author":"Bozan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioresour.\nTechnol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080409243260600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b06544","article-title":"Identification of \u03b1-Tocopherol\nand Its Oxidation Products by Ultra- Performance Liquid Chromatography\nCoupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry","volume":"68","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080409243260600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6438787","article-title":"Influence\nof Oxidants on the Stability\nof Tocopherol in Model Nanoemulsions: Role of Interfacial Membrane\nOrganized by Nonionic Emulsifiers","volume":"2018","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Chem."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026080409243260600_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27196194","article-title":"Electrochemical\nand Spectroscopic Characterization of Oxidized Intermediate Forms\nof Vitamin E","volume":"27","author":"Webster","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"47","key":"2026080409243260600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2011.09.067","article-title":"Method for Simultaneous\nAnalysis of Eight Vitamin E Isomers in Various Foods by High Performance\nLiquid Chromatography and Fluorescence Detection","volume":"1218","author":"Pinheiro-Sant\u2019Ana","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Chromatogr. A."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080409243260600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(00)00315-0","article-title":"Evaluation of New Turkish Hybrid Hazelnut (Corylus\navellana L.) Varieties: Fatty Acid Composition \u0391-Tocopherol\nContent, Mineral Composition and Stability","volume":"73","author":"O\u0308zdemir","year":"2001","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080409243260600_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2006.06.003","article-title":"Vitamin\nE Content of Foods: Comparison of Results Obtained from Food Composition\nTables and HPLC Analysis","volume":"26","author":"Sundl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"2026080409243260600_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2015.08.010","article-title":"Profiling\nTriacylglycerols, Fatty Acids and Tocopherols\nin Hazelnut Varieties Grown in Turkey","volume":"44","author":"Tas\u0327","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Food\nCompos. Anal."},{"key":"2026080409243260600_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2016.01.025","article-title":"Tocopherols and\nTocotrienols in Plants and Their Products:\nA Review on Methods of Extraction, Chromatographic Separation, and\nDetection","volume":"82","author":"Saini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026080409243260600_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.3585","article-title":"Vitamin E (\u03b1-,\n\u03b2+ \u03b3-and \u03b4-tocopherol) Levels in Plant Oils","volume":"35","author":"Aksoz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Flavour Fragrance J."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2026080409243260600_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(00)00456-8","article-title":"Solid-phase\nExtraction for Multi Residue Analysis of Organic Contaminants in Water","volume":"885","author":"Pichon","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Chromatogr. A."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026080409243260600_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.200603663","article-title":"Voltammetric\nBehavior and Determination\nof Tocopherol in Vegetable Oils at A Polypyrrole Modified Electrode","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"2026080409243260600_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471790303","volume-title":"Analytical Electrochemistry","author":"Wang","year":"2006","edition":"3"},{"key":"2026080409243260600_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.11.098","article-title":"Potentiometric\nMethod of Plant Microsuspensions Antioxidant Activity Determination","volume":"278","author":"Brainina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026080409243260600_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11178095","article-title":"Electrochemical\nBehaviour of Tocopherols: Possibilities\nof Their Simultaneous Voltammetric Detection","volume":"11","author":"Jashari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080409243260600_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2010.02.048","article-title":"Highly Selective\nDetermination of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine, and Uric Acid by Differential\nPulse Voltammetry Using Poly (Sulfonazo III) Modified Glassy Carbon\nElectrode","volume":"147","author":"Ensafi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026080409243260600_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1080\/00032719.2015.1094665","article-title":"Simultaneous Electrochemical Determination\nof \u03b1-Tocopherol and Retinol in Micellar Media by a Poly(2,2\u2032-(1,4\nPhenylenedivinylene)-bis-8-Hydroxyquinaldine)-Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube\nModified Electrode","volume":"49","author":"Filik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Lett."},{"key":"2026080409243260600_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2023.117892","article-title":"Optimization\nof Ohmic Parameters in Enzyme Assisted Aqueous Extraction for Better\nPhysicochemical Properties of the Black Cumin Seed Oil","volume":"208","author":"Sanket","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"2026080409243260600_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.08.077","article-title":"Effect\nof Refining on Bioactive Composition and Oxidative\nStability of Hazelnut Oil","volume":"116","author":"Durmaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080409243260600_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s11746-007-1177-7","article-title":"Obtaining\nButter Oil Triacylglycerols Free From b-carotene and a-Tocopherol\nvia Activated Carbon Adsorption and Alumina-Column Chromatography\nTreatments","volume":"85","author":"Karabulut","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026080409243260600_cit21","unstructured":"ICH (International Conference on Harmonisation).\n          . International\nconference on harmonisation of technical\nrequirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use, ICH\nHarmonised Tripartite Guideline: validation of analytical procedures:\ntext and methodology Q2(R1), 2005. https:\/\/database.ich.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Q2%28R1%29%20Guideline.pdf Available online (accessed 3 June, 2026)."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026080409243260600_cit22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biochemical\nCharacterization of the Oil of Durum Wheat Germ (Tunisian variety)","volume":"19","author":"Kammoun","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. New Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080409243260600_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-66322011000200008","article-title":"Effect of Temperature and Storage\nTime of Wheat Germ on the Oil Tocopherol Concentration","volume":"28","author":"Capitani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Braz. J. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"2026080409243260600_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2021.101415","article-title":"Changes in Oxidative Stability and\nPhytochemical Contents of Microencapsulated Wheat Germ Oil During\nAccelerated Storage","volume":"44","author":"Aslan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080409243260600_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-010-0173-5","article-title":"Characterization\nof a Potential Nutraceutical Ingredient: Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Seed Oil Unsaponifiable Fraction","volume":"65","author":"Caligiani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080409243260600_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0728(79)80075-3","article-title":"General Expression\nof the Linear Potential Sweep Voltammogram in the Case of Diffusionless\nElectrochemical Systems","volume":"101","author":"Laviron","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem.\nInterfacial Electrochem."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080409243260600_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2004.02.010","article-title":"Voltammetric\nBehavior and Determination of Tocopherols with Partial Least Squares\nCalibration: Analysis in Vegetable Oil Samples","volume":"511","author":"Diaz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026080409243260600_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2481(99)00114-9","article-title":"Voltammetric\nStudies on the a-Tocopherol Anion and a-Tocopheroxyl (Vitamin E) Radical\nin Acetonitrile","volume":"1","author":"Webster","year":"1999","journal-title":"Electrochem. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080409243260600_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2670(01)01119-9","article-title":"Voltammetric Behavior of a-Tocopherol\nand its Determination Using Surfactant + Ethanol + Water and Surfactant\n+ Acetonitrile + Water Mixed Solvent Systems","volume":"441","author":"Jaiswal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026080409243260600_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-50532004000500022","article-title":"Electrochemistry\nof Vitamin E Hydro-Alcoholic Solutions","volume":"15","author":"Giacomelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Braz.\nChem. Soc."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026080409243260600_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1007\/s12161-015-0353-x","article-title":"Determination\nof Tocopherol Using Reduced Graphene Oxide-Nafion Hybrid-Modified\nElectrode in Pharmaceutical Capsules and Vegetable Oil Samples","volume":"9","author":"Filik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Anal. Methods."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026080409243260600_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1134\/s1061934812030148","article-title":"Voltammetric Determination\nof a-Tocopherol\nin the Presence of Surfactants","volume":"267","author":"Ziyatdinova","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"28","key":"2026080409243260600_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12745","DOI":"10.1039\/c1cp20579j","article-title":"The Role of Low\nLevels of Water in\nthe Electrochemical Oxidation of a-Tocopherol (Vitamin E) and Other\nPhenols in Acetonitrile","volume":"13","author":"Tan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026080409243260600_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2013.08.008","article-title":"Quantitative\nDetermination of Tocopherols in Edible Vegetable Oils Using Electrochemical\nUltra-Microsensors Combined with Chemometric Tools","volume":"116","author":"Robledo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"2026080409243260600_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.02.068","article-title":"Determination of Vitamin E in Margarines and Edible\nOils Using Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry with A Glassy\nCarbon Paste Electrode","volume":"229","author":"Sy\u0301s","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080409243260600_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17508\/CJFST.2024.16.1.01","article-title":"Electrochemical\nCharacterization and Detection of Vitamin E in Real Samples","volume":"16","author":"Goman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Croat. J. Food Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c03350","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/30\/45069\/66125565\/acsomega.6c03350.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/30\/45069\/66125565\/acsomega.6c03350.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:33:55Z","timestamp":1785850435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/30\/45069\/5226854\/Determination-of-the-Tocopherol-Content-in-Edible"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"30","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c03350","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]}}}