{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T15:52:09Z","timestamp":1789487529617,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chongqing Technological Innovation and Application Development Special Key Project","award":["2024TIAD-KPX0081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024TIAD-KPX0081"]}]},{"name":"General Program of Yongchuan District for Technology Innovation and Application Development, Chongqing, China","award":["2024yc-cxfz30127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024yc-cxfz30127"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Coal-measure tight sandstone gas constitutes a significant component of hydrocarbon resources in the Longtan Formation, Zhijin area. Investigation of tight sandstone reservoir sensitivity is directly pertinent to optimizing stimulation treatment design and formulating production strategies. This study systematically examines sensitivity characteristics and controlling factors of tight sandstone reservoirs in the Middle Longtan Formation, Zhijin block, employing sensitivity testing, XRD analysis, mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) measurements, and cast thin section observation. The results indicate that these reservoirs exhibit moderate-to-weak velocity sensitivity, strong water sensitivity, weak acid sensitivity, and negligible alkali sensitivity, with a critical salinity of 70,000 mg\/L. The average clay mineral content is 36.7%, with elevated Illite\u2013smectite mixed-layer minerals and kaolinite contents identified as the principal controlling factors responsible for moderate-to-weak velocity sensitivity, strong water sensitivity, and low critical salinity, whereas elevated chlorite content accounts for weak acid sensitivity. Pore-filling cementation predominates, accompanied by elevated argillaceous cement contents, indicating weak bonding strength. During water injection and gas production, these rocks are prone to water absorption, softening, and swelling, thereby inducing sensitivity damage. A regional water sensitivity assessment chart was established accordingly. The core strategy for reservoir stimulation focuses on inhibiting clay swelling, controlling operational flow rates, maintaining formation salinity, and optimizing injected fluid compatibility, while production operations require low-rate staged commissioning combined with precise liquid-loading control to achieve long-term reservoir protection and stable gas well production. These findings demonstrate that tight sandstone reservoirs in the Longtan Formation, western Guizhou, present considerable development challenges overall; however, locally favorable zones retain certain potential for stimulation and commercial viability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c03478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T04:51:39Z","timestamp":1788411099000},"page":"53953-53962","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sensitivity Evaluation and Influencing Mechanism Analysis\nof Tight Sandstone in the Longtan Formation of the Western Section\nof the Ancient Uplift in Central Guizhou, China: A Case Study of the\nAgong Syncline"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xiaochang","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China University of Geosciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]},{"name":"Chongqing Institute of Green and Low-Carbon Energy Science and Technology , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 402160"]},{"name":"Chongqing Fan Jia Geological Exploration Co., LTD , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 402162"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4295-3897","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China University of Geosciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]},{"name":"Chongqing Institute of Green and Low-Carbon Energy Science and Technology , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 402160"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangjie","family":"Man","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China University of Geosciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]},{"name":"Chongqing Institute of Green and Low-Carbon Energy Science and Technology , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 402160"]},{"name":"Chongqing Fan Jia Geological Exploration Co., LTD , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 402162"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangguang","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Branch of China Electric Power Construction New Energy Group Co., Ltd , ,","place":["Chengdu, China, 610041"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinqin","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Institute of Green and Low-Carbon Energy Science and Technology , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 402160"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinpeng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Institute of Green and Low-Carbon Energy Science and Technology , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 402160"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"2026091510080720000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S1876-3804(25)60588-X","article-title":"Coal-derived gas theory\npromotes China\u2019s leap from a gas-poor country to a world-leading\ngas producer","volume":"52","author":"Jia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Petroleum Explor. Dev."},{"issue":"02","key":"2026091510080720000_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/s1876-3804(25)60584-2","article-title":"Connotation, path and\nsignificance of building an \u2033energy power\u2033 in China","volume":"52","author":"Zou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Petroleum Explor. Dev."},{"issue":"05","key":"2026091510080720000_cit3","first-page":"799","article-title":"Accumulation conditions\nand exploration direction of coal measure gas in Guizhou Province","volume":"33","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Gas Geosci."},{"key":"2026091510080720000_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.12438\/cst.2025-0431","article-title":"Resource potential and\nexploration & development strategies of Upper Permian coal measure\ngas in Guizhou","volume":"54","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Coal Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"31","key":"2026091510080720000_cit5","first-page":"13340","article-title":"Influence of reservoir\nphysical properties and sensitivity on high-speed water injection\neffect in low permeability reservoirs","volume":"23","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci.\nTechnol. Eng."},{"issue":"02","key":"2026091510080720000_cit6","first-page":"159","article-title":"Reservoir sensitivity\nof Neogene Guantao Formation in Zhanhua Sag, Bohai Bay Basin","volume":"35","author":"Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lithologic Reser."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091510080720000_cit7","first-page":"P312","article-title":"A study of mineral\/alkali reactions","volume":"2","author":"Mohnot","year":"1987","journal-title":"Soc. Petroleum Eng."},{"key":"2026091510080720000_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2019.08.001","article-title":"Sensitivity analysis of reservoir and rock properties\nduring low salinity water injection","volume":"5","author":"Afshin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy\nRep."},{"issue":"09","key":"2026091510080720000_cit9","first-page":"1041","article-title":"Sensitivity evaluation and main controlling\nfactors of tight sandstone reservoirs in Western Sichuan Depression:\nA case study of Zhongba Gas Field","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"China Sciencepaper"},{"issue":"02","key":"2026091510080720000_cit10","first-page":"67","article-title":"Concept and key technologies\nof \u2033multi-scale and high-density\u2033 fracturing: A case\nstudy of tight sandstone gas in Western Sichuan","volume":"43","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Gas Ind."},{"issue":"03","key":"2026091510080720000_cit11","first-page":"16","article-title":"Sensitivity evaluation\nof tight sandstone reservoirs in the lower member of Kepingtage Formation,\nShun 9 well area, Tarim Basin","volume":"39","author":"Ren","year":"2025","journal-title":"Petroleum Geol.\nEng."},{"key":"2026091510080720000_cit12","volume-title":"Coalbed Methane Geology\nand Exploration in Western Guizhou and Eastern Yunnan","author":"Gui","year":"2001"},{"issue":"07","key":"2026091510080720000_cit13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Study on coal reservoir characteristics\nand test production effect in coal-bearing small syncline of Guizhou:\nA case of Agong syncline in Zhijin County, Bijie City","volume":"32","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Coal Geol. China"},{"key":"2026091510080720000_cit14","volume-title":"Coalbed Methane Accumulation\nEffect and Logging Identification of Advantageous Reservoirs in Zhijin\nArea","author":"Liu","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026091510080720000_cit15","volume-title":"Characteristics of\nAuthigenic Clay Minerals in the Bottom Sandstone of Triassic Yanchang\nFormation in Northern Shaanxi and Their Influence on Reservoir Physical\nProperties","author":"Han","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026091510080720000_cit16","volume-title":"Mineralogy","author":"Wang","year":"2006"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091510080720000_cit17","first-page":"573","article-title":"Experimental\nstudy on\nadsorption capacity of montmorillonite, kaolinite and Illite for heavy\nmetal ions","volume":"20","author":"He","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Petrologica Mineralogica"},{"issue":"03","key":"2026091510080720000_cit18","first-page":"547","article-title":"Differences in pore\nstructure characteristics of shale under different tectonic deformation\nbackgrounds in Fuling shale gas area","volume":"46","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Petrolei\nSin."},{"issue":"06","key":"2026091510080720000_cit19","first-page":"769","article-title":"Influence of rock particle\ncementation patterns on elastic and seepage properties of reservoir\nrocks","volume":"39","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. China Univ. Geosci."},{"key":"2026091510080720000_cit20","volume-title":"Sedimentology of Clastic\nReservoir Rocks","author":"Yu","year":"2007"},{"issue":"04","key":"2026091510080720000_cit21","first-page":"44","article-title":"Production\ntechnical\nstrategies for horizontal wells in tight sandstone gas reservoirs","volume":"39","author":"Jin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Gas Explor. Dev."},{"key":"2026091510080720000_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2025.150273","article-title":"Experimental study on the imbibition effects\nof different fracturing fluids on felsic and mixed shale multiscale\npores","volume":"153","author":"Shang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"2026091510080720000_cit23","article-title":"Comparative\nanalysis of matrix-retarded acidizing methods for tight carbonate\nreservoirs: Gelled acid, micro-emulsified acid, and foamed acid","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Earth Sci."},{"key":"2026091510080720000_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geothermics.2024.103200","article-title":"Research\non acidizing blockage removal and\nperfusion enhancement technology for sandstone geothermal reservoir\nrecharge wells","volume":"125","author":"Yuan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Geothermics"},{"key":"2026091510080720000_cit25","article-title":"Study on reasonable\nproduction allocation method of tight sandstone gas reservoir-A case\nof XX block in ordos basin","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Energy\nRes."},{"issue":"09","key":"2026091510080720000_cit26","first-page":"138","article-title":"Feasibility study on commingled production\nof CBM and tight sandstone gas based on gas lift in a single well","volume":"47","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Coal Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091510080720000_cit27","volume-title":"Study on Production\nOptimization of Intermittent Gas Lift in Tight Sandstone Gas Wells","author":"Huang","year":"2022"},{"issue":"02","key":"2026091510080720000_cit28","first-page":"62","article-title":"Research on\nthe Enrichment and High-yield Law of Syncline Coalbed Methane at the\nFoot of Rocks in Zhijin Block, Guizhou Province","volume":"49","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Coalfield Geol. Explor."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c03478","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/36\/53953\/68023911\/acsomega.6c03478.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/36\/53953\/68023911\/acsomega.6c03478.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T14:34:19Z","timestamp":1789482859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/36\/53953\/5387967\/Sensitivity-Evaluation-and-Influencing-Mechanism"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"36","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c03478","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]}}}