{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T16:25:05Z","timestamp":1786465505687,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"31","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSTB2024NSCQ-JQX0041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2024NSCQ-JQX0041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32460899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32460899"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Joint Fund Project of Zunyi City Bureau of Science and Big Data and Zunyi Medical University","award":["QKPTRC[2021]1350-059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QKPTRC[2021]1350-059"]}]},{"name":"Joint Fund Project of Zunyi City Bureau of Science and Big Data and Zunyi Medical University","award":["ZSKHHZ(2024)324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZSKHHZ(2024)324"]}]},{"name":"Health Commission Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province","award":["gzwkj2024-574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["gzwkj2024-574"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the development of antiviral vaccines, insufficient immunogenicity and limited cross-protective efficacy against rapidly evolving viruses remain as major challenges. Protein nanoparticle vaccine platforms have emerged as a promising strategy because of their capacity for multivalent antigen presentation, structural stability, and enhanced immunogenicity. Both naturally occurring and computationally designed protein nanoparticles, including ferritin, lumazine synthase, E2p, I53-50, I301, and mi3, have been widely investigated for the presentation of diverse viral antigens. In this review, we summarize recent advances in protein nanoparticle vaccines for major human viral diseases, with emphasis on how nanoparticle geometry, assembly architecture, and antigen-display strategies influence immunogenicity and broad-spectrum immune responses. We further discuss recent progress in mosaic antigen display, germline-targeting immunogens, and clinically translated nanoparticle vaccine platforms together with current challenges and future directions in scaffold engineering and vaccine design. Protein nanoparticle platforms provide a versatile foundation for structure-guided antiviral-vaccine development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c03523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T14:03:39Z","timestamp":1785852219000},"page":"45595-45611","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Progress in Protein\nNanoparticle Vaccines for Human\nViral Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zunyi Medical University , , West No. 6 Xuefu Road, Xinpu District , , ,","place":["Zunyi, Guizhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 563006"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junshi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zunyi Medical University , , , ,","place":["Zunyi, Guizhou, China, 563006"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinxiu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zunyi Medical University , , West No. 6 Xuefu Road, Xinpu District , , ,","place":["Zunyi, Guizhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 563006"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zunyi Medical University , , West No. 6 Xuefu Road, Xinpu District , , ,","place":["Zunyi, Guizhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 563006"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingrui","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zunyi Medical University , , West No. 6 Xuefu Road, Xinpu District , , ,","place":["Zunyi, Guizhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 563006"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuancheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zunyi Medical University , , West No. 6 Xuefu Road, Xinpu District , , ,","place":["Zunyi, Guizhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 563006"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Medical University (Dongguan People\u2019s Hospital) , , , ,","place":["Dongguan, Guangdong, China, 523000"]},{"name":"Dongguan Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection , , ,","place":["Dongguan, Guangdong, China, 523000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youcai","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University) , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400038"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9709-1812","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xinghong","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zunyi Medical University , , West No. 6 Xuefu Road, Xinpu District , , ,","place":["Zunyi, Guizhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 563006"]},{"name":"Zunyi Medical University , , West No. 6 Xuefu Road, Xinpu District , , ,","place":["Zunyi, Guizhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 563006"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081110193058300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3313","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.1c00267","article-title":"Ferritin: A Multifunctional\nNanoplatform for Biological Detection,\nImaging Diagnosis, and Drug Delivery","volume":"54","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acc. Chem.\nRes."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081110193058300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-021-00330-7","article-title":"Protein-based antigen\npresentation platforms for nanoparticle\nvaccines","volume":"6","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"npj Vaccines"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081110193058300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737984","article-title":"Nanoparticles target distinct dendritic\ncell populations\naccording to their size","volume":"38","author":"Manolova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2026081110193058300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867119","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.867119","article-title":"Biological Nanoparticles\nin Vaccine Development","volume":"10","author":"Curley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. 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