{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:07:10Z","timestamp":1788876430400,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"35","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Granular cold-water-soluble starch (GCWS) offers a major advancement, combining cold-water solubility with retention of native-like granule structure and paste characteristics. Among the various preparation methods, suspending starch granules in alcohol containing a trace amount of alkali\u2500referred to as alcoholic\u2013alkali treatment (AAT)\u2500has been demonstrated to be particularly effective. This study systematically examined the effects of ethanol concentration (50\u201390%), NaOH content (1\u20136%), and treatment temperature (30\u201350 \u00b0C) on corn starch. Morphological and optical analyses revealed progressive granule shrinkage, agglomeration, fusion, and birefringence loss, with complete disruption observed in \u22653% NaOH in 50\u201370% ethanol. Differential scanning calorimetry showed a decline in gelatinization enthalpy under stronger alkaline conditions, culminating in the loss of ordered structures with \u22655% NaOH. Functional assessments confirmed that GCWS achieved cold-water swelling factors up to 19.4, a solubility of 12.8\u201329.6% at 25 \u00b0C, paste transmittance exceeding 70%, and viscosities up to 810 cP at 35 \u00b0C, outperforming untreated starch. Statistical analysis identified ethanol concentration as the primary determinant of swelling and viscosity, while NaOH content governed solubility and paste transmittance. Collectively, these findings establish optimized AAT parameters for GCWS production and provide mechanistic insights into processing\u2013functionality relationships. The results demonstrate that precise modulation of AAT conditions enables rational design of GCWS with enhanced solubility, clarity, and viscosity, offering a robust framework for tailoring starch performance to diverse industrial applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c03649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:08:11Z","timestamp":1787616491000},"page":"52703-52713","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Alcoholic\u2013Alkali\nModification of Corn Starch:\nA Framework for GCWS Design and Functional Tailoring"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yung-Ho","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Providence University , , ,","place":["Taichung, Taiwan, 433303"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Long","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Providence University , , ,","place":["Taichung, Taiwan, 433303"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu-Wen","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Providence University , , ,","place":["Taichung, Taiwan, 433303"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2154-4222","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jheng-Hua","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Providence University , , ,","place":["Taichung, Taiwan, 433303"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090809111683500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cofs.2021.01.005","article-title":"Thermal technologies\nto enhance starch performance and starchy products","volume":"40","author":"Maniglia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Food Sci."},{"key":"2026090809111683500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.btre.2014.06.004","article-title":"Effect of\nball-milling on the physicochcmical properties of maize starch","volume":"3","author":"He","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Rep."},{"key":"2026090809111683500_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.150102","article-title":"Effects of pre-gelatinization\nmethods\non structure and physicochemical properties of kudzu starch","volume":"340","author":"Guo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"2026090809111683500_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1002\/star.19860380803","article-title":"Characterization\nof granular cold water-soluble starch","volume":"38","author":"Jane","year":"1986","journal-title":"Starch"},{"key":"2026090809111683500_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.07.035","article-title":"Preparation and\ncharacterization of gelatinized granular starches from aqueous ethanol\ntreatment","volume":"90","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"2026090809111683500_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-5210(09)80077-5","article-title":"Properties of granular\ncold-water-soluble starches\nprepared at atmospheric pressure","volume":"16","author":"Rajagopalan","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. 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Biotechnol."},{"key":"2026090809111683500_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3189","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12173189","article-title":"Pulsed electric\nfield-assisted e enzymatic and alcoholic\u2013alkaline production\nof porous granular cold-water-soluble starch: A carrier with efficient\nzeaxanthin-loading capacity","volume":"12","author":"Lei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090809111683500_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-025-04120-0","article-title":"Dual modification of potato starch: Insights\ninto functional,\nrheological and structural changes induced by cold plasma and ozonation","volume":"19","author":"Almeida","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Bioprocess Technol."},{"key":"2026090809111683500_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.218","article-title":"Degradation\nof corn\nstarch with different moisture content by gaseous hydrogen chloride","volume":"219","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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Biotechnol."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c03649","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/35\/52703\/67111332\/acsomega.6c03649.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/35\/52703\/67111332\/acsomega.6c03649.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:11:22Z","timestamp":1788873082000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/35\/52703\/5298695\/Alcoholic-Alkali-Modification-of-Corn-Starch-A"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"35","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c03649","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]}}}