{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T12:13:11Z","timestamp":1788437591224,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"34","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004055","name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ER2601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ER2601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the petroleum industry, it is necessary to control both mineral scale and metal corrosion simultaneously. However, conventional chemical inhibitors are not always effective and can pose environmental concerns. Herein, this study investigates green protic ionic liquids (ILs) with various ethoxy units as dual-functional agents for inhibiting calcium sulfate scale and carbon steel corrosion. The scale inhibition characteristics of these ILs for calcium sulfate were examined using the static bottle test. In this method, a 50:50 mixture of seawater and formation water containing different concentrations of ILs was kept in an oven at 90 \u00b0C for 7 days. SEM and EDX were used to evaluate the change in calcium sulfate scale morphology and composition. The quantitative stability of the scale solution was analyzed by the MultiScan MS 20. The corrosion inhibition performance of these eco-friendly ILs was investigated for carbon steel in a 5 wt % HCl medium using the weight loss method. The results showed that the scale and corrosion inhibition performance significantly improved by increasing the number of ethoxy units in the ILs molecular structure. IL690 depicted the highest scale inhibition effectiveness (93.72%) at 90 \u00b0C among all tested ILs. However, the best corrosion inhibition performance (95.91%) was obtained from IL700. The ILs demonstrated significant aerobic biodegradability, with IL360 showing the highest BOD5 values (108.67 mg O2\/L). The results confirmed that ILs act as effective, green, and dual-functional inhibitors for sustainable petroleum application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c03681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:02:11Z","timestamp":1787238131000},"page":"51148-51159","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of\nIonic Liquids as Green Dual-Function\nScale and Corrosion Inhibitor in the Petroleum Industry"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Masooma","family":"Nazar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals , , ,","place":["Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, 31261"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4279-4665","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mobeen","family":"Murtaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals , , ,","place":["Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, 31261"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Israr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals , , ,","place":["Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, 31261"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Mahboob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals , , ,","place":["Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, 31261"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eyad","family":"Safi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals , , ,","place":["Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, 31261"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6806-2326","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Syed Muhammad Shakil","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals , , ,","place":["Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, 31261"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2359-836X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muhammad Shahzad","family":"Kamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals , , ,","place":["Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, 31261"]},{"name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals , , ,","place":["Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, 31261"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090307180711800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2022.118869","article-title":"Synthesis, Characterization and Performance\nof Succinimide Derivatives as Anti-Corrosion and Anti-Scalant in Petroleum\nApplications","volume":"354","author":"Kamal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307180711800_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28073","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-78879-1","article-title":"Innovative Application of Green Surfactants as Eco-Friendly\nScale Inhibitors in Industrial Water Systems","volume":"14","author":"Khamis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026090307180711800_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.petrol.2018.05.068","article-title":"Developments\nin Oilfield Scale Handling\ntowards Green Technology-A Review","volume":"169","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pet. Sci.\nEng."},{"key":"2026090307180711800_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.petrol.2021.109237","article-title":"Abatement of Scale Precipitation\nin Oilfields Using Green Scale Inhibitors","volume":"208","author":"Mahmoodi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J.\nPet. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"2026090307180711800_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.petrol.2019.106347","article-title":"Evaluation of Laboratory\nTechniques for Assessing Scale Inhibition Efficiency","volume":"182","author":"Sanni","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pet. Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090307180711800_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17050580","article-title":"Effect of Degree\nof Ethoxylation on the Surface and\nThermal Properties of Polymeric Ionic Liquids for Oilfield Applications","volume":"17","author":"Alotaibi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"2026090307180711800_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2025.127820","article-title":"Structural\nOptimization and Characterization of Fluoro-Based Protic Ionic Liquids\nfor High-Temperature and High-Salinity Conditions","volume":"430","author":"Nazar","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. 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Bull."},{"key":"2026090307180711800_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.131480","article-title":"Ionic Liquids\nas Green and Sustainable Steel Corrosion\nInhibitors: Recent Developments","volume":"425","author":"Kobzar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering\nJournal"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090307180711800_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1080\/00986445.2017.1407759","article-title":"Influence\nof 1-Butyl-1-Methylpiperidinium Tetrafluoroborate on St37 Steel Dissolution\nBehavior in HCl Environment","volume":"205","author":"Yildiz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Commun."},{"key":"2026090307180711800_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murtaza, M.; Budiman, O.; Kamal, M. S.; Alajmi, S. N.; Al-Jawad, M.; Mahmoud, M.\n          Ionic Liquid-Based\nFormulation for Inhibiting Calcium Sulfate Scale in High-Pressure\nHigh-Temperature Wells. 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Liq."},{"key":"2026090307180711800_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2022.121168","article-title":"Development\nof Different Chain Lengths\nIonic Liquids as Green Corrosion Inhibitors for Oil and Gas Industries:\nExperimental and Theoretical Investigations","volume":"372","author":"Haldhar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090307180711800_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaeng.2005.02.005","article-title":"Measurement of 5-Day\nBiochemical Oxygen Demand without\nSample Dilution or Bacterial and Nutrient Enhancement","volume":"33","author":"Xinglong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aquac. 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Mater. Chem. 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Colloid\nInterface Sci."},{"key":"2026090307180711800_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2021.116998","article-title":"Experimental and Theoretical\nStudies on Corrosion Inhibition Behavior of Three Imidazolium-Based\nIonic Liquids for Magnesium Alloys in Sodium Chloride Solution","volume":"345","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307180711800_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-52174-5","article-title":"Evaluation\nof Ionic Liquids Based Imidazolium Salts as an Environmentally Friendly\nCorrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in HCl Solutions","volume":"14","author":"El-Nagar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c03681","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/34\/51148\/66911132\/acsomega.6c03681.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/34\/51148\/66911132\/acsomega.6c03681.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:18:15Z","timestamp":1788434295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/34\/51148\/5278414\/Development-of-Ionic-Liquids-as-Green-Dual"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"34","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c03681","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]}}}