{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T15:02:29Z","timestamp":1785250949530,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"29","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004539","name":"Kasetsart University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004539","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004704","name":"National Research Council of Thailand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N42A690471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42A690471"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004156","name":"Mahidol University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FF-068\/2568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF-068\/2568"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004156","name":"Mahidol University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N42A690471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42A690471"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005621","name":"Kasetsart University Research and Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FF(KU-SRIU)11.67"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF(KU-SRIU)11.67"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cerium oxide nanoparticles (Ceria NPs), possessing redox activity, exhibit selective anticancer effects and hold significant promise for cancer therapy. In this study, Ceria NPs were synthesized via a hydrothermal method and characterized for stability in a biological environment. Optimal colloidal dispersion was achieved in 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) with a hydrodynamic diameter of 56.3 nm. Ceria NPs exhibited strong antioxidant activity tested by DPPH assay and showed high biocompatibility, displaying minimal toxicity toward normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) while exerting cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cells (IC50 = 363.0 \u00b1 71.89 \u03bcg mL\u20131 for MCF-7 and 547.9 \u00b1 0.14 \u03bcg mL\u20131 for MDA-MB-231). Given their limited standalone cytotoxicity but favorable selectivity, Ceria NPs were employed as a nanocarrier for doxorubicin (Dox) to enhance anticancer efficacy while potentially reducing systemic side effects. Ceria-Dox markedly enhanced cytotoxic efficacy, reducing IC50 values to 129.3 \u00b1 21.86 \u03bcg mL\u20131 in MCF-7 and 33.2 \u00b1 1.37 \u03bcg mL\u20131 in MDA-MB-231 cells, with more pronounced effects in TNBC cells while maintaining low toxicity toward normal cells. Live\/dead staining confirmed a dose-dependent cytotoxicity, while the transwell assay demonstrated strong inhibition of migration and invasion in TNBC cells treated with Ceria-Dox. These findings highlight Ceria-Dox as a colloidally stable nanoplatform that delivers dual therapeutic actions, including potent cytotoxicity and suppression of metastatic potential, underscoring its promise for treating breast cancer, particularly aggressive subtypes such as triple-negative breast cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c03856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T05:30:34Z","timestamp":1784179834000},"page":"44029-44043","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Doxorubicin-Loaded Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Suppress\nCell Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of Triple-Negative Breast\nCancer Cells"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Anongnat","family":"Wongpan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mahidol University , , ,","place":["Bangkok, Thailand, 10400"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sereysonita","family":"Keo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mahidol University , , ,","place":["Bangkok, Thailand, 10400"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiradet","family":"Siri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kasetsart University , , ,","place":["Bangkok, Thailand, 10900"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narong","family":"Chanlek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization) , 111 University Avenue , , ,","place":["Muang, Nakhon Ratchasrima, Thailand, 30000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patraporn","family":"Luksirikul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kasetsart University , , ,","place":["Bangkok, Thailand, 10900"]},{"name":"Kasetsart University , , ,","place":["Bangkok, Thailand, 10900"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9875-9899","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Duangkamon","family":"Baowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mahidol University , , ,","place":["Bangkok, Thailand, 10400"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6417-4921","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kanlaya Prapainop","family":"Katewongsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mahidol University , , ,","place":["Bangkok, Thailand, 10400"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810095287400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21871","article-title":"Cancer statistics","volume":"75","author":"Siegel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ca-A Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"2026072810095287400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S62057","article-title":"Cerium oxide nanoparticles\nin cancer","volume":"7","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026072810095287400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5888","DOI":"10.1039\/D5NA00513B","article-title":"Nanomedicine\nbreakthroughs overcoming pancreatic cancer drug resistance through\nprecision nano-interventions","volume":"7","author":"Peng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nanoscale Adv."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810095287400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-024-04089-3","article-title":"The use of\nnanomaterials as drug delivery systems and\nanticancer agents in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer:\nan updated review (year 2005 to date)","volume":"19","author":"Ndongwe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Discov\nNano"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072810095287400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(75)90498-2","article-title":"Metal substitutions\nincarbonic anhydrase: a halide\nion probe study","volume":"66","author":"Smith","year":"1975","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026072810095287400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7196","DOI":"10.1039\/D5NA00555H","article-title":"Engineered\nriboflavin\u2013cerium oxide nanoparticles for enhanced phototoxicity\ntoward triple-negative breast cancer cells","volume":"7","author":"Wongpan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nanoscale Adv."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026072810095287400_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2013.05.001","article-title":"Efficient drug-delivery\nusing magnetic nanoparticles--biodistribution and therapeutic effects\nin tumour bearing rabbits","volume":"9","author":"Tietze","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072810095287400_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1080\/01614949608006464","article-title":"Catalytic\nProperties of Ceria and CeO2-Containing Materials","volume":"38","author":"Trovarelli","year":"1996","journal-title":"Catal. Rev. - Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810095287400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9513","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09876-w","article-title":"Nanoceria-mediated delivery of doxorubicin enhances\nthe anti-tumour efficiency in ovarian cancer cells via apoptosis","volume":"7","author":"Das","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072810095287400_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1159\/000265166","article-title":"Doxorubicin cardiomyopathy","volume":"115","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026072810095287400_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-13-0950","article-title":"Combination\nof conventional chemotherapeutics\nwith redox-active cerium oxide nanoparticles--a novel aspect in cancer\ntherapy","volume":"13","author":"Sack","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"2026072810095287400_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2021.111878","article-title":"Cu-doped cerium oxide-based nanomedicine\nfor tumor microenvironment-stimulative chemo-chemodynamic therapy\nwith minimal side effects","volume":"205","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., B"},{"issue":"51","key":"2026072810095287400_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24380","DOI":"10.1021\/jp055584b","article-title":"Shape-Selective\nSynthesis and Oxygen Storage Behavior of Ceria Nanopolyhedra, Nanorods,\nand Nanocubes","volume":"109","author":"Mai","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"2026072810095287400_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6169","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-36893-5","article-title":"Experimental and theoretical\nevaluation of geometry-dependent doxorubicin loading onto cerium oxide\nnanoparticles via van der Waals interaction modeling","volume":"16","author":"Sripaturad","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072810095287400_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27041326","article-title":"Determination of Antioxidants by\nDPPH Radical Scavenging Activity and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis\nof Ficus religiosa","volume":"27","author":"Baliyan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810095287400_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6169","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-36893-5","article-title":"Experimental and theoretical\nevaluation of geometry-dependent doxorubicin loading onto cerium oxide\nnanoparticles via van der Waals interaction modeling","volume":"16","author":"Sripaturad","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072810095287400_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-018-1275-x","article-title":"The Impact\nof Serum Proteins and Surface Chemistry on Magnetic Nanoparticle Colloidal\nStability and Cellular Uptake in Breast Cancer Cells","volume":"20","author":"Mekseriwattana","year":"2019","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"issue":"31","key":"2026072810095287400_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11261","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NR03254D","article-title":"Reciprocal\nupregulation of scavenger receptors complicates interpretation of\nnanoparticle uptake in non-phagocytic cells","volume":"9","author":"Prapainop","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"15","key":"2026072810095287400_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13952","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.3c01767","article-title":"Proteomic\nAnalysis and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Riboflavin-Coated Superparamagnetic\nIron Oxide Nanoparticles Reveal Human Serum-Derived Protein Coronas:\nImplications as Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents","volume":"6","author":"Mekseriwattana","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072810095287400_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2010.12.026","article-title":"A shotgun proteomic study of the protein corona associated\nwith cholesterol and atheronal-B surface-modified quantum dots","volume":"77","author":"Prapainop","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"2026072810095287400_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.2306\/scienceasia1513-1874.2019.45.060","article-title":"Preparation\nof superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and investigation of\ntheir interaction with cells","volume":"45","author":"Mekseriwattana","year":"2019","journal-title":"ScienceAsia"},{"key":"2026072810095287400_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.108","article-title":"Protein corona,\nunderstanding the nanoparticle\u2013protein interactions and future\nperspectives: A critical review","volume":"169","author":"Kopac","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol.\nMacromol."},{"issue":"42","key":"2026072810095287400_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37589","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c04440","article-title":"Proteomic\nAnalysis Reveals Distinct Protein Corona\nCompositions of Citrate- and Riboflavin-Coated SPIONs","volume":"7","author":"Mekseriwattana","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072810095287400_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15020112","article-title":"Application\nof Optical Methods for Determination of Concentration of Doxorubicin\nin Blood and Plasma","volume":"15","author":"Sikora","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026072810095287400_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5756","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CP06579B","article-title":"Photoreductive dissolution\nof cerium oxide nanoparticles and their size-dependent absorption\nproperties","volume":"22","author":"Pettinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072810095287400_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"rqaf014","DOI":"10.1093\/rpsppr\/rqaf014","article-title":"Lysosome-mediated cytotoxicity in\nbreast cancer subtype cells treated with doxorubicin","volume":"4","author":"Nicoletto","year":"2025","journal-title":"RPS Pharm. Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"2026072810095287400_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nxnano.2025.100209","article-title":"Liposomes for drug delivery: Classification,\ntherapeutic applications, and limitations","volume":"8","author":"Chelliah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Next\nNanotechnology"},{"key":"2026072810095287400_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nxnano.2023.100013","article-title":"Current updated\nreview on preparation of polymeric\nnanoparticles for drug delivery and biomedical applications","volume":"2","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2023","journal-title":"Next Nanotechnology"},{"key":"2026072810095287400_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2023.105168","article-title":"Gold nanoparticles\nin transferrin-targeted dual-drug delivery in vitro","volume":"90","author":"David","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Drug Delivery Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810095287400_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-019-0516-9","article-title":"Synthesis\nand biomedical applications\nof nanoceria, a redox active nanoparticle","volume":"17","author":"Thakur","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\nNanobiotechnol."},{"key":"2026072810095287400_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7199","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S270229","article-title":"The Advances of Ceria\nNanoparticles for Biomedical Applications in\nOrthopaedics","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"38","key":"2026072810095287400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14397","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.0c04205","article-title":"Crystal-Plane Effects\nof CeO2{110} and CeO2{100} on Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction: Synergistic\nInteractions of Oxygen Defects and Hydroxyl Groups","volume":"8","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072810095287400_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9473","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b00521","article-title":"Oxygen-Vacancy Engineering\nof Cerium-Oxide Nanoparticles for Antioxidant Activity","volume":"4","author":"Gunawan","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026072810095287400_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1039\/D3MA00825H","article-title":"Controlled release of doxorubicin\nfrom gelatin-based\nnanoparticles: theoretical and experimental approach","volume":"5","author":"Fatima","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Adv."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072810095287400_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10965-020-02108-2","article-title":"Smart micelles self-assembled from four-arm star polymers as potential\ndrug carriers for pH-triggered DOX release","volume":"27","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Polym. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810095287400_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-021-01056-3","article-title":"Improving anti-cancer drug delivery\nperformance of\nmagnetic mesoporous silica nanocarriers for more efficient colorectal\ncancer therapy","volume":"19","author":"Iranpour","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"2026072810095287400_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3294","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17243294","article-title":"Preparation\nof Crosslinked Alginate Hydrogels for the Adsorption and Sustainable\nRelease of Doxorubicin Hydrochloride","volume":"17","author":"Bahwal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026072810095287400_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1177\/08853282211060544","article-title":"Preparation, characterization,\nand in vitro release kinetics of doxorubicin-loaded magnetosomes","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Appl."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072810095287400_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-010-9185-1","article-title":"DDSolver: an add-in program for modeling\nand comparison of drug dissolution\nprofiles","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810095287400_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13027","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92447-x","article-title":"A new combination strategy\nto enhance\napoptosis in cancer cells by using nanoparticles as biocompatible\ndrug delivery carriers","volume":"11","author":"Kucuksayan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810095287400_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054578","article-title":"Nanoceria:\na rare-earth\nnanoparticle as a novel anti-angiogenic therapeutic agent in ovarian\ncancer","volume":"8","author":"Giri","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026072810095287400_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nxnano.2026.100387","article-title":"Emerging\nsmart nanocarrier based drug delivery systems for cancer therapeutics","volume":"9","author":"Alam","year":"2026","journal-title":"Next Nanotechnology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026072810095287400_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6023","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000002702","article-title":"Enhancing drug efficacy\nthrough nanoparticle-based delivery systems: a study on targeted cancer\ntherapy","volume":"111","author":"Alrohaimi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"2026072810095287400_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3052-5_22","article-title":"Transwell In Vitro\nCell Migration and Invasion Assays","volume":"2644","author":"Justus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Methods\nMol. Biol."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c03856","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/29\/44029\/65968896\/acsomega.6c03856.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/29\/44029\/65968896\/acsomega.6c03856.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T14:43:49Z","timestamp":1785249829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/29\/44029\/5211444\/Doxorubicin-Loaded-Cerium-Oxide-Nanoparticles"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"29","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c03856","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]}}}