{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:14:02Z","timestamp":1790093642441,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"37","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006940","name":"University of Mississippi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006940","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM130460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM130460"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2414442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2414442"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The accelerating spread of antimicrobial resistance, particularly in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), demands innovative strategies to restore antibiotic efficacy. Repurposing small molecules as antibiotic adjuvants offers a rapid and translationally feasible solution. Here, we investigated chloroquine-derived ionic liquids (CQILs) as potentiators of conventional antibiotics against MRSA. Although the ILs displayed limited intrinsic antibacterial activity, the top candidate markedly reduced minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in combination, demonstrating strong synergistic interactions with doxycycline and kanamycin (FICI = 0.29 and 0.41, respectively) and an additive interaction with chloramphenicol (FICI = 0.80). Time-kill analyses confirmed accelerated and sustained bactericidal activity relative to monotherapy. Mechanistic studies revealed enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation and pronounced disruption of bacterial membrane integrity, corroborated by scanning electron microscopy, which showed severe morphological damage. Importantly, combination treatments achieved effective bacterial eradication at reduced antibiotic doses while maintaining low cytotoxicity toward mammalian cells, thereby improving the therapeutic window. These findings establish chloroquine-derived ionic liquids as promising antibiotic adjuvants that potentiate bactericidal activity through oxidative stress amplification and membrane destabilization, offering a practical strategy to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c03899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T21:25:04Z","timestamp":1788470704000},"page":"55357-55372","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synergistic Ionic\nLiquid-Antibiotic Combination as\na Strategy against Methicillin-Resistant\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    (MRSA)"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mariam","family":"Salifu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Mississippi , , , ,","place":["University, Mississippi, United States, 38677"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gagandeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Mississippi , , , ,","place":["University, Mississippi, United States, 38677"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4478-4217","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Claylee M.","family":"Chism","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Mississippi , , , ,","place":["University, Mississippi, United States, 38677"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hena","family":"Gain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Mississippi , , , ,","place":["University, Mississippi, United States, 38677"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyavrat","family":"Vashisth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Mississippi , , , ,","place":["University, Mississippi, United States, 38677"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7919-2249","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eden E. L.","family":"Tanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Mississippi , , , ,","place":["University, Mississippi, United States, 38677"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10325","key":"2026092210583619800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global Burden of Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance in 2019: A Systematic\nAnalysis","volume":"399","author":"Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit2","unstructured":"Antimicrobial Resistance: Key Facts; World\nHealth Organization, 2021. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/antimicrobial-resistance."},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit3","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill, J.\n          \n          Tackling\nDrug-Resistant Infections Globally. In  Final\nReport and Recommendations; Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, 2016."},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:82532","volume-title":"Antibiotic Resistance\nThreats in the United States","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5649","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1503141112","article-title":"Global Trends\nin Antimicrobial Use in Food Animals","volume":"112","author":"Van Boeckel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc.\nNatl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092210583619800_cit6","first-page":"277","article-title":"The Antibiotic\nResistance Crisis: Part 1: Causes and Threats","volume":"40","author":"Ventola","year":"2015","journal-title":"P & T: Peer-Rev. J. Formul. Manag."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092210583619800_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13895","article-title":"Drug repurposing\nscreens and synergistic drug combinations\nfor infectious diseases","volume":"175","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092210583619800_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2018.168","article-title":"Drug repurposing:\nprogress, challenges\nand recommendations","volume":"18","author":"Pushpakom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092210583619800_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.67.4.593-656.2003","article-title":"Molecular\nbasis of bacterial outer membrane permeability revisited","volume":"67","author":"Nikaido","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026092210583619800_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2008.11.005","article-title":"Outer membrane\npermeability and antibiotic resistance","volume":"1794","author":"Delcour","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim.\nBiophys. Acta Gen. Subj."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092210583619800_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00117-14","article-title":"The challenge of efflux-mediated\nantibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092210583619800_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2007.00094.x","article-title":"Peptidoglycan structure and architecture","volume":"32","author":"Vollmer","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026092210583619800_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2200","article-title":"Waves of resistance: Staphylococcus aureus in the antibiotic era","volume":"7","author":"Chambers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026092210583619800_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1289","article-title":"Penicillin-Binding\nProtein 2a of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"66","author":"Fishovitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026092210583619800_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2904","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052904","article-title":"Interactions of Gram-Positive Bacterial Membrane Vesicles\nand Hosts: Updates and Future Directions","volume":"25","author":"Sangiorgio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int.\nJ. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2025.05.028","article-title":"Bacterial extracellular\nvesicles: Bridging pathogen biology and therapeutic innovation","volume":"200","author":"Moghaddam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8134","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64756-0","article-title":"a membrane-active\nnatural product inhibitor of ATP synthase potentiates aminoglycoside\nantibiotics","volume":"10","author":"Yarlagadda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092210583619800_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11030416","article-title":"Combination of amphiphilic\ncyclic peptide [R4W4] and levofloxacin against multidrug-resistant\nbacteria","volume":"11","author":"Sajid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2023.213359","article-title":"Quinoxaline-based\nmembrane-targeting\ntherapeutic material: Implications in rejuvenating antibiotic and\ncurb MRSA invasion in an in vitro bone cell infection model","volume":"148","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomater. Adv."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026092210583619800_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6633","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00246","article-title":"Ionic liquids","volume":"117","author":"Lei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026092210583619800_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9090578","article-title":"Recycling old antibiotics\nwith ionic liquids","volume":"9","author":"Prude\u0302ncio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-022-03336-5","article-title":"Ionic liquids: Emerging antimicrobial agents","volume":"39","author":"Fang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092210583619800_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6929","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62206-x","article-title":"Cationic alkyl chain length and nanoaggregate\nform of ionic liquids dominate biocompatibility and toxicity","volume":"16","author":"Xing","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759720 \u00d7 211073001","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X211073001","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine\nin systemic lupus erythematosus: overview of current knowledge","volume":"14","author":"Dima","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Musculoskeletal Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092210583619800_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02041561","article-title":"Chloroquine\nin long-term\ntreatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"2","author":"Bjelle","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092210583619800_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaenm.2c00004","article-title":"Antimicrobial\neffects of anion manipulation with biocompatible choline carboxylic\nacid\u2013based ionic liquids","volume":"1","author":"Chism","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Eng.\nMater."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026092210583619800_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10504","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b00387","article-title":"Synthesis\nof pyrrolidinium-type poly(ionic liquid) membranes for antibacterial\napplications","volume":"9","author":"Qin","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit28","first-page":"3479","article-title":"Ionic Liquids with Symmetric Dialkylammonium\nCations as Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"10","author":"Pernak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chem.\u2500Eur.\nJ."},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1039\/b919872e","article-title":"Antimicrobial and\nAntibiofilm Activities of 1-Alkylquinolinium\nBromide Ionic Liquids","volume":"12","author":"Busetti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1039\/b821842k","article-title":"Antibiofilm Activities\nof 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquids","volume":"11","author":"Carson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01919","article-title":"Synergistic potential of antimicrobial\ncombinations against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1676135","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1676135","article-title":"Antibacterial\nmechanism of hyper-branched poly-L-lysine against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its synergistic and antagonistic\ninteractions with conventional antibiotics","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.08.023","article-title":"Peptides as\nadjuvants for ampicillin and oxacillin against methicillin-resistant\nStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA)","volume":"124","author":"Rishi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175667","article-title":"Chloroquine Transport via the Malaria Parasite\u2019s Chloroquine\nResistance Transporter","volume":"106","author":"Martin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.\nU. S. A."},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit35","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Refusal of the\nSociety To Accept That Chloroquine\nIs an Antibiotic","volume":"48","author":"Rolain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.51.4.439-457.1987","article-title":"Bacterial Uptake\nof Aminoglycoside Antibiotics","volume":"51","author":"Taber","year":"1987","journal-title":"Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2333","article-title":"How Antibiotics\nKill Bacteria: From\nTargets to Networks","volume":"8","author":"Kohanski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092210583619800_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg301","article-title":"Synergy,\nantagonism, and what the chequerboard puts between them","volume":"52","author":"Odds","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092210583619800_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/4.2.282","article-title":"Antibiotic synergism and antimicrobial\ncombinations in clinical infections","volume":"4","author":"Eliopoulos","year":"1982","journal-title":"Rev. Infect.\nDis."},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a027029","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a027029","article-title":"Aminoglycosides:\nAn Overview","volume":"6","author":"Krause","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspect. Med."},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000350","article-title":"The effects of 405 nm light on bacterial\nmembrane integrity determined by salt and bile tolerance assays, leakage\nof UV-absorbing material and SYTOX Green labelling","volume":"162","author":"McKenzie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3283","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02750-06","article-title":"Assessment and interpretation of bacterial viability by using the\nLIVE\/DEAD BacLight kit in combination with flow cytometry","volume":"73","author":"Berney","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092210583619800_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.6.2421-2431.1997","article-title":"Bacterial viability\nand antibiotic susceptibility testing with SYTOX green nucleic acid\nstain","volume":"63","author":"Roth","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026092210583619800_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2015.10.018","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms\nof membrane-targeting antibiotics","volume":"1858","author":"Epand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim.\nBiophys. Acta, Gen. Subj."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092210583619800_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.55.1.2","article-title":"Mechanisms of antimicrobial peptide\naction and resistance","volume":"55","author":"Yeaman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092210583619800_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/49.4.631","article-title":"Pseudomonas\naeruginosa cells adapted\nto benzalkonium chloride show resistance to other membrane-active\nagents but not to clinically relevant antibiotics","volume":"49","author":"Loughlin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026092210583619800_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.06.049","article-title":"A common\nmechanism of cellular death induced by bactericidal antibiotics","volume":"130","author":"Kohanski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092210583619800_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"GPP3-0057","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.GPP3-0057-2018","article-title":"Antibiotic\nresistance and the MRSA\nproblem","volume":"7","author":"Vestergaard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectrum"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026092210583619800_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3538","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00015-09","article-title":"Synergistic\ninteraction between antimicrobial peptides and conventional antibiotics","volume":"53","author":"Ruden","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092210583619800_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3591","article-title":"Designing\nantimicrobial peptides: form follows function","volume":"11","author":"Fjell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092210583619800_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2020.09.002","article-title":"In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antipro-Inflammation Potential\nof Honokiol and Magnolol Against Oral Pathogens and Macrophages","volume":"120","author":"Chiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Formosan Med. Assoc."},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202403140","article-title":"A Fluorous Peptide Amphiphile with Potent Antimicrobial\nActivity\nfor the Treatment of MRSA-Induced Sepsis and Chronic Wound Infection","volume":"63","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2024.117012","article-title":"Understanding the synergistic\nsensitization of natural products and antibiotics: An effective strategy\nto combat MRSA","volume":"281","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092210583619800_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3155","article-title":"Ribosome-targeting\nantibiotics and mechanisms of bacterial resistance","volume":"12","author":"Wilson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-010814-124712","article-title":"Unraveling the physiological complexities\nof antibiotic lethality","volume":"55","author":"Dwyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol.\nToxicol."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026092210583619800_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.2.468-475.2001","article-title":"In Staphylococcus aureus, Fur is an interactive regulator with\nPerR, contributes to peroxide\nstress resistance, and global regulation","volume":"183","author":"Horsburgh","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.\nBacteriol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092210583619800_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050846","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus golden pigment impairs neutrophil killing and promotes\nvirulence through its antioxidant activity","volume":"202","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026092210583619800_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3032","article-title":"The molecular\nmechanisms and physiological consequences of oxidative stress: lessons\nfrom a model bacterium","volume":"11","author":"Imlay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026092210583619800_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23666","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c00787","article-title":"Interaction\ndynamics of liposomal fatty acids with\nGram-positive bacterial membranes","volume":"17","author":"Shin","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl.\nMater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092210583619800_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(90)82637-0","article-title":"Phase fluctuation in\nphospholipid membranes revealed by Laurdan fluorescence","volume":"57","author":"Parasassi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092210583619800_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2011.419","article-title":"Quantitative imaging of membrane lipid order in cells and organisms","volume":"7","author":"Owen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2019.111451","article-title":"Relationships between the physical properties and biodegradability\nand bacteria toxicity of fatty acid-based ionic liquids","volume":"292","author":"Oulego","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026092210583619800_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.9b00616","article-title":"Membrane\ndisruption by very long chain fatty acids\nduring necroptosis","volume":"14","author":"Parisi","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56134","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA10759A","article-title":"Primaquine-based ionic\nliquids as a novel class of antimalarial hits","volume":"6","author":"Ferraz","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit65","volume-title":"Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial\nSusceptibility Tests\nfor Bacteria That Grow Aerobically","author":"CLSI M07.","year":"2018","edition":"11"},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2021.101543","article-title":"New and simplified\nmethod for drug combination studies by checkerboard assay","volume":"8","author":"Bellio","year":"2021","journal-title":"MethodsX"},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01898-24","article-title":"Characterization of sulopenem antimicrobial\nactivity using in vitro time-kill kinetics, synergy, post-antibiotic\neffect, and sub-inhibitory MIC effect methods against Escherichia\ncoli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates","volume":"13","author":"Maher","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiol.\nSpectrum"},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2024.116449","article-title":"Novel natural osthole-inspired amphiphiles as membrane-targeting\nantibacterials against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)","volume":"271","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092210583619800_cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01026","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.01026-23","article-title":"Repurposing of the antimalarial agent\ntafenoquine to combat MRSA","volume":"8","author":"She","year":"2023","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"2026092210583619800_cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2018.09.106","article-title":"Data on Laurdan\nspectroscopic analyses\nto compare membrane fluidity between susceptible and multidrug-resistant\nbacteria","volume":"21","author":"Bessa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Data Brief"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026092210583619800_cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-023-00843-6","article-title":"Development of\nionic liquid-coated\nPLGA nanoparticles for applications in intravenous drug delivery","volume":"18","author":"Hamadani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026092210583619800_cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6213","DOI":"10.1039\/d3qm00787a","article-title":"Good\u2019s\nbuffer\u2013based highly biocompatible ionic liquid\u2013modified\nPLGA nanoparticles for selective uptake in cancer cells","volume":"7","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Front."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c03899","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/37\/55357\/68295718\/acsomega.6c03899.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/37\/55357\/68295718\/acsomega.6c03899.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:50:05Z","timestamp":1790092205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/37\/55357\/5414208\/Synergistic-Ionic-Liquid-Antibiotic-Combination-as"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"37","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c03899","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]}}}