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To address this, Antarctic lichens\u2500known for their diverse pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects\u2500were selected as a natural source for potential lead compounds. Extensive chemical analysis of Umbilicaria antarctica (L.) Ach., a lichen species prevalent on Antarctic rocky terrains, successfully led to the isolation of new compounds, carboxygyrophoric acid (1) and umbiliquinone (2). The chemical structures of 1 and 2 were determined through extensive spectroscopic methods and ECD calculations. All compounds (1\u201315) were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against SK-OV-3, MDA-MB-231, and A549 cancer cell lines. The new compound, umbiliquinone (2), exhibited statistically significant cytotoxicity in all three cell lines, notably including the TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231. It exhibited IC50 values between 28 and 57 \u03bcM across these cell lines. Combined with the observed activity of compounds 9, 11, 13, 14, and 15, these findings strengthen the evidence for their development as potential agents against TNBC. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were further conducted to investigate the interactions between compounds 2 and 9 and Bcl-2, an antiapoptotic protein, to gain mechanistic insight into their potential proapoptotic effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c03912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:20:43Z","timestamp":1787509243000},"page":"52755-52770","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Novel Phenanthraquinone\nDerivative from Antarctic\nLichen\n                    <i>Umbilicaria antarctica<\/i>\n                    Exhibits\nApoptotic Activity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Bowon","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyung Hee University , , ,","place":["Yongin, Republic of Korea, 17104"]},{"name":"Kyung Hee University , , ,","place":["Yongin, Republic of Korea, 17104"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinkyu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea University , , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 02841"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunji","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kookmin University , , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 02707"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon Seo","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sungkyunkwan University , , ,","place":["Suwon, Republic of Korea, 16419"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5285-9138","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ki Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sungkyunkwan University , , ,","place":["Suwon, Republic of Korea, 16419"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ui Joung","family":"Youn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute , ,","place":["Incheon, Republic of Korea, 21990"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee Ho","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea University , , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 02841"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boram","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kookmin University , , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 02707"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4657-5104","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seulah","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyung Hee University , , ,","place":["Yongin, Republic of Korea, 17104"]},{"name":"Kyung Hee University , , ,","place":["Yongin, Republic of Korea, 17104"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2026090809101707200_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0222-5","article-title":"Scientists\u2019 warning to humanity: microorganisms\nand climate change","volume":"17","author":"Cavicchioli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090809101707200_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1065","article-title":"Evolutionary\nchallenges of extreme environments (part 2)","volume":"291","author":"Waterman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090809101707200_cit3a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.18048","article-title":"Evolutionary\nbiology of lichen symbioses","volume":"234","author":"Spribille","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"2026090809101707200_cit3b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623839","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.623839","article-title":"The lichens\u2019\nmicrobiota, still a mystery?","volume":"12","author":"Grimm","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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Oncol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090809101707200_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34849","article-title":"Recent advances in\nbreast cancer\ncell line research","volume":"154","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090809101707200_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-020-0317-5","article-title":"Reproducible molecular networking of untargeted mass\nspectrometry data using GNPS","volume":"15","author":"Aron","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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Biotechnol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090809101707200_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(91)85132-J","article-title":"A reinvestigation of the structure\nof biruloquinone, a 9, 10-phenanthrenequinone isolated from Mycosphaerella\nrubella","volume":"30","author":"Arnone","year":"1991","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090809101707200_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00109-22","article-title":"A candidate\ngene cluster for the\nbioactive natural product gyrophoric acid in lichen-forming fungi","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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