{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:45:07Z","timestamp":1791924307996,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNPq 310265\/2022-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNPq 310265\/2022-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNPq 407032\/2023-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNPq 407032\/2023-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has emerged as a promising strategy for managing infections associated withCandidaspp. In this context, nanoformulations of photosensitizers have been investigated to enhance the antimicrobial effects of established compounds, such as curcumin (CUR). In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of aPDT mediated by curcumin-associated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (CUR-SPION) and CUR againstCandidaspp. and complex heterotypic biofilms. Clinical samples were collected from the prosthesis surfaces and oral mucosa of 5 patients clinically diagnosed with denture stomatitis.Candidaisolates were identified using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption\/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). CUR-SPION were synthesized via the coprecipitation method, allowing the incorporation and association of CUR with the nanoparticles during their formation. Subsequently, their size, morphology, stability, and surface charge were characterized. The isolates were then subjected to treatment with CUR and CUR-SPION, followed by aPDT using visible blue light (wavelength of 420 nm, power output of 1,250 mW, power density of 0.16 W\/cm2, and energy density ranging from 0.79\u201312.78 J\/cm2) in planktonic cultures, monotypic biofilms, and microcosm biofilms. Candidayeasts were detected in 3 patients and identified asC. albicansandC. dubliniensis. For both species, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CUR was 64 \u03bcg\/mL in the nonirradiated group and 4 \u03bcg\/mL after aPDT. In contrast, CUR-SPION exhibited MIC values &amp;gt;64 \u03bcg\/mL under all conditions tested. CUR-mediated aPDT decreasedCandidacell viability at 4 \u03bcg\/mL and within 2 h of treatment by 3.6 log10 CFU\/mL forC. dubliniensisP1, 3.2 log10 CFU\/mL for C. albicans P2, and 2.0 log10 CFU\/mL forC. dubliniensisP3, while CUR-SPION-aPDT showed no effect on biofilm viability. CUR-mediated aPDT also significantly reduced the viability of microcosm biofilms, causing inhibitions (log10 CFU\/mL) of 1.3 to 2.2 for streptococci, 1.4 to 3.1 for mutans streptococci, 1.5 to 2.2 for staphylococci, and 1.2 to 3.1 for yeast. In conclusion, CUR-mediated aPDT was effective againstC. albicansandC. dubliniensisisolated from denture stomatitis, with an extended spectrum, targeting fungi and bacteria in microcosm biofilms. In contrast, CUR-SPION showed no antifungal activity againstCandidaunder the conditions tested.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c04006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:01:28Z","timestamp":1790931688000},"page":"60818-60830","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Antimicrobial\nPhotodynamic Therapy Mediated\nby Free Curcumin and Curcumin-Associated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide\nNanoparticles on\n                    <i>Candida<\/i>\n                    spp. and Microcosm\nBiofilms Associated with Denture Stomatitis"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5320-3378","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amanda Siqueira","family":"Fraga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sa\u0303o Paulo State University (Unesp) , , , ,","place":["Sa\u0303o Jose\u0301 dos Campos, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil, 12245-000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Carolina Pinheiro","family":"Lage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rene\u0301 Rachou Research Centre, Fiocruz Minas , , , ,","place":["Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 30190-009"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karoline Kristina","family":"Kemmerich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Sa\u0303o Paulo (Unifesp) , , , ,","place":["Sa\u0303o Paulo, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil, 04023-062"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana Cin Fung Jang","family":"Bartachini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Sa\u0303o Paulo (Unifesp) , , , ,","place":["Sa\u0303o Paulo, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil, 04023-062"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe de Camargo","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Sa\u0303o Paulo (Unifesp) , , , ,","place":["Sa\u0303o Paulo, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil, 04023-062"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1193-2909","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mai\u0301ra Terra","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sa\u0303o Paulo State University (Unesp) , , , ,","place":["Sa\u0303o Jose\u0301 dos Campos, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil, 12245-000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6646-6856","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juliana Campos","family":"Junqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sa\u0303o Paulo State University (Unesp) , , , ,","place":["Sa\u0303o Jose\u0301 dos Campos, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil, 12245-000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3186-885X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paulo Henrique Fonseca do","family":"Carmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sa\u0303o Paulo State University (Unesp) , , , ,","place":["Sa\u0303o Jose\u0301 dos Campos, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil, 12245-000"]},{"name":"Sa\u0303o Paulo State University (Unesp) , , , ,","place":["Botucatu, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil, 18618-689"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2026101315102142700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3390\/jof3040057","article-title":"Global and Multi-National\nPrevalence of Fungal Diseases-Estimate Precision","volume":"3","author":"Bongomin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Fungi"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101315102142700_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3029","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20043029","article-title":"Management\nof Chronic Atrophic Candidiasis (Denture\nStomatitis)\u2500A Narrative Review","volume":"20","author":"Abuhajar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int.\nJ. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2417-3_2","article-title":"Candida Auris Identification And Profiling By MALDI\u2013ToF Mass\nSpectrometry","volume-title":"Candida auris","author":"Abdolrasouli","year":"2022"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"2026101315102142700_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2017.02.005","article-title":"Candida and\nIts Dual Lifestyle as\na Commensal and a Pathogen","volume":"168","author":"Cauchie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101315102142700_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.2005.00065.x","article-title":"A 2-year Study of Candida -associated Denture Stomatitis Treatment in Aged\nCare Subjects","volume":"22","author":"Webb","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101315102142700_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1308\/205016817822230175","article-title":"Denture Stomatitis:\nCauses, Cures and Prevention","volume":"6","author":"Hannah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prim. Dent. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101315102142700_cit7","article-title":"Denture Hygiene\nas It Relates to Denture Stomatitis: A Review","volume":"42","author":"Galvan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compend. Contin. Educ. Dent."},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit8","first-page":"35","article-title":"Association\nbetween Denture Stomatitis,\nCandida Species and Diabetic Status","volume":"33","author":"Contaldo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol.\nRegul. Homeost. Agents"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315102142700_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-019-01004-6","article-title":"Candidiasis: Red and White Manifestations in the Oral\nCavity","volume":"13","author":"Hellstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol."},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.983348","article-title":"Epidemiology,\nPrevalence, and Associated Factors of\nOral Candidiasis in HIV Patients from Southwest Iran in Post-Highly\nActive Antiretroviral Therapy Era","volume":"13","author":"Erfaninejad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101315102142700_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33448\/rsd-v10i10.18664","article-title":"Epidemiology of\nOral Candidiasis: A Household-Based Population Survey in a Medium-Sized\nCity in Amazonas","volume":"10","author":"Bessa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res. Soc. Dev."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101315102142700_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10071437","article-title":"Host\u2019s Immunity and Candida\nSpecies Associated with Denture Stomatitis: A Narrative Review","volume":"10","author":"Le Bars","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101315102142700_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.12565","article-title":"Promise\nof Combining Antifungal Agents in Denture Adhesives to Fight Candida Species Infections","volume":"27","author":"Garaicoa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Prosthodontics"},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.51242","article-title":"Clinical and Microbiological Diagnosis of Oral Candidiasis","volume":"5","author":"Coronado-Castellote","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Dent."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101315102142700_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7020079","article-title":"Candida Albicans\u2500The\nVirulence Factors and Clinical Manifestations of Infection","volume":"7","author":"Talapko","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Fungi"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101315102142700_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-020-00445-w","article-title":"Candida Biofilms: An Update on Developmental\nMechanisms and Therapeutic Challenges","volume":"185","author":"de Barros","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665113","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00028","article-title":"Candida Biofilms: Threats, Challenges, and Promising\nStrategies","volume":"5","author":"Cavalheiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315102142700_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-025-02348-0","article-title":"Biofilm Formation\nby the Host Microbiota: A Protective Shield against Immunity and Its\nImplication in Cancer","volume":"24","author":"Montanari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101315102142700_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.MB-0008-2014","article-title":"Fungal Biofilms: In\nVivo Models for Discovery of Anti-Biofilm\nDrugs","volume":"3","author":"Nett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectrum"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101315102142700_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3346","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12991","article-title":"Multispecies\nBiofilms in Fermentation: Biofilm Formation, Microbial Interactions,\nand Communication","volume":"21","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food\nSaf."},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20396\/bjos.v22i00.8667697","article-title":"Oral Mucositis\nand Microbial Status in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Subjects Undergoing\nHigh-Dose Chemotherapy","volume":"22","author":"Duarte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Braz. J. Oral Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101315102142700_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13111907","article-title":"Susceptibility\nof Dental Caries Microcosm Biofilms to Photodynamic Therapy Mediated\nby Fotoenticine","volume":"13","author":"Garcia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101315102142700_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3390","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c00199","article-title":"Antifungal Drug\nResistance: Molecular Mechanisms in Candida Albicans and Beyond","volume":"121","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2022.102237","article-title":"Antifungal Drug-Resistance\nMechanisms in Candida Biofilms","volume":"71","author":"Kaur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin.\nMicrobiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101315102142700_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3209","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063209","article-title":"Applications of Antimicrobial\nPhotodynamic Therapy against Bacterial\nBiofilms","volume":"23","author":"Songca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101315102142700_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13061406","article-title":"Antimicrobial\nPhotodynamic Therapy for Superficial,\nSkin, and Mucosal Fungal Infections: An Update","volume":"13","author":"Silva","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myw139","article-title":"Inhibition of Dermatophytes\nby Photodynamic Treatment with Curcumin","volume":"55","author":"Brasch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med.\nMycol."},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103659","article-title":"In Vitro\nAntifungal Activity of Curcumin Mediated by Photodynamic Therapy on\nSporothrix Brasiliensis","volume":"43","author":"Legaba\u0303o","year":"2023","journal-title":"Photodiagn. Photodyn.\nTher."},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2022.102729","article-title":"Antimicrobial\nPhotodynamic Therapy with Curcumin on\nMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Biofilm","volume":"37","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101315102142700_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.21876\/rcshci.v13i4.1454","article-title":"Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Curcumin and\nMethylene Blue Associated with Laser on Bacterial and Fungal Strains","volume":"13","author":"Cardoso","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev. Cie\u0302nc. Sau\u0301de"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101315102142700_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2012.10.011","article-title":"Effect\nof Different Pre-Irradiation\nTimes on Curcumin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy against Planktonic\nCultures and Biofilms of Candida Spp","volume":"58","author":"Andrade","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch.\nOral Biol."},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2019.06.015","article-title":"Antifungal Effect of\nPhotodynamic Therapy Mediated by Curcumin on Candida Albicans Biofilms\nin Vitro","volume":"27","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101315102142700_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.937","article-title":"Assessing\nthe Impact of Curcumin on Dual-species Biofilms\nFormed by Streptococcus Mutans and Candida Albicans","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiologyopen"},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102416","article-title":"Photodynamic Potential\nof Curcumin in Bioadhesive Formulations:\nOptical Characteristics and Antimicrobial Effect against Biofilms","volume":"35","author":"Santezi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101315102142700_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3390\/foods6100092","article-title":"Curcumin: A Review of Its Effects\non Human Health","volume":"6","author":"Hewlings","year":"2017","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101315102142700_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187418","article-title":"Encapsulation\nof Curcumin in Polymeric Nanoparticles\nfor Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"12","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS\nOne"},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2020.111297","article-title":"Conjugation\nof Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Curcumin Photosensitizer\nto Assist in Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"196","author":"de Santana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Colloids\nSurf., B"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101315102142700_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-nbt.2017.0025","article-title":"Evaluation\nof Antifungal Effect of\nIron-oxide Nanoparticles against Different Candida Species","volume":"11","author":"Seddighi","year":"2017","journal-title":"IET Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2020.111080","article-title":"Novel Nanocarrier\nof Miconazole Based on Chitosan-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as\na Nanotherapy to Fight Candida Biofilms","volume":"192","author":"Arias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Colloids\nSurf., B"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101315102142700_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10050588","article-title":"Effects\nof Antifungal Carriers Based on Chitosan-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles\non Microcosm Biofilms","volume":"10","author":"Caldeira\u0303o","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2015.09.060","article-title":"Iron Oxide\nNanoparticles Functionalized with Novel Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic\nPorphyrins as Potential Agents for Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"462","author":"Penon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2018.07.025","article-title":"Photodynamic Therapy\nActivity of Zinc Phthalocyanine Linked to Folic Acid and Magnetic\nNanoparticles","volume":"186","author":"Matlou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol., B"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026101315102142700_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.01.032","article-title":"Photosensitizer-Conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticles for in Vivo Simultaneous\nMagnetofluorescent Imaging and Targeting Therapy","volume":"32","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315102142700_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s43630-025-00682-2","article-title":"Curcumin-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles\nfor Photodynamic\nTherapy of Breast Cancer","volume":"24","author":"Ferreira","year":"2025","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol.\nSci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315102142700_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15010236","article-title":"Superparamagnetic Iron\nOxide Nanoparticles (SPION): From Fundamentals to State-of-the-Art\nInnovative Applications for Cancer Therapy","volume":"15","author":"Vangijzegem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101315102142700_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17050769","article-title":"Polymeric\nNanoparticle-Based Photodynamic Therapy for Chronic Periodontitis\nin Vivo","volume":"17","author":"De Freitas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101315102142700_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.21069","article-title":"Photodynamic Effects\nof Methylene Blue-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles on Dental Plaque\nBacteria","volume":"43","author":"Klepac-Ceraj","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2018.09.007","article-title":"Curcumin-Mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic\nTherapy Reduces the Viability and Vitality of Infected Dentin Caries\nMicrocosms","volume":"24","author":"Me\u0301ndez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315102142700_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10010073","article-title":"Polyethylene\nGlycol-Chitosan Oligosaccharide-Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide\nNanoparticles: A Novel Drug Delivery System for Curcumin Diglutaric\nAcid","volume":"10","author":"Sorasitthiyanukarn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101315102142700_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-015-0302-9","article-title":"Curcumin Nanoparticles:\nPhysico-Chemical Fabrication and Its in Vitro Efficacy against Human\nPathogens","volume":"5","author":"Pandit","year":"2015","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enmm.2021.100473","article-title":"Synthesis\nand Characterization of Gold Nanorods Using the Natural Products Resveratrol,\nGallic Acid, and a Purified Fraction of Stryphnodendron Obovatum by\nSeedless Method","volume":"16","author":"Lage","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Nanotechnol., Monit.\nManage."},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.125740","article-title":"Co-Precipitation\nSynthesis of Stable Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with NaOH: New Insights\nand Continuous Production via Flow Chemistry","volume":"399","author":"Besenhard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101315102142700_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2008.00445.x","article-title":"Biofilm\nMicrobial Communities of Denture Stomatitis","volume":"23","author":"Campos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101315102142700_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.5935\/1676-2444.20140039","article-title":"Comparative Analysis\nof Gram\u2019s Method and PAS\nfor the Identification of Candida Spp. Samples from the Oral Mucosa","volume":"50","author":"Padilha","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Bras Patol. Med. Lab."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315102142700_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2416550","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2024.2416550","article-title":"Resveratrol-Coated Gold Nanorods\nProduced by Green Synthesis with Activity against Candida Albicans","volume":"15","author":"Carmo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315102142700_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01444-24","article-title":"Improvement\nof a\nMALDI-TOF Database for the Reliable Identification of Candidozyma\nAuris (Formally Candida Auris) and Related Species","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectrum"},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit57","volume-title":"EUCAST DEFINITIVE\nDOCUMENT E.DEF 7.3.1.\nMethod for the Determination of Broth Dilution Minimum Inhibitory\nConcentrations of Antifungal Agents for Yeasts","author":"Arendrup","year":"2017"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101315102142700_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.8.1923-1929.1994","article-title":"CHROMagar Candida, a New Differential\nIsolation Medium\nfor Presumptive Identification of Clinically Important Candida Species","volume":"32","author":"Odds","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3211","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-6012.ijrms20151165","article-title":"Identification\nof Candida Spp. Isolated from Vaginal\nSwab by Phenotypic Methods and Multiplex PCR in Duhok, Iraq","volume":"3","author":"Mohammed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Res. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101315102142700_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2011.00937.x","article-title":"Investigation of the\nPhotodynamic Effects of Curcumin Against Candida Albicans","volume":"87","author":"Dovigo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1080\/21501203.2025.2468756","article-title":"Functionalization of\nCationic Porphyrins with Peripheral Platinum(II) Complexes to Optimize\nPhotodynamic Therapy against Candida- Associated\nInfections: A Focus on Denture Stomatitis and Burn Wounds","volume":"16","author":"Garcia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mycology"},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2019.07.011","article-title":"The Effectiveness of\nCurcumin-Mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Depends on Pre-Irradiation\nand Biofilm Growth Times","volume":"27","author":"Me\u0301ndez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photodiagn. Photodyn.\nTher."},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2022.102837","article-title":"Enhancing\nEffect of Chitosan on Methylene Blue-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy\nagainst C. Albicans: A Study in Planktonic Growth, Biofilms, and Persister\nCells","volume":"38","author":"de Lapena","year":"2022","journal-title":"Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101315102142700_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.3390\/jof11120869","article-title":"Antifungal\nEffects of Pterostilbene on Candida Albicans, Candida Dubliniensis,\nand Microcosm Biofilms of Denture Stomatitis","volume":"11","author":"Carmo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Fungi"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101315102142700_cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.3329\/jsr.v6i3.18750","article-title":"Synthesis and\nCharacterization of Some Ternary Metal Complexes of Curcumin with\n1,10-Phenanthroline and Their Anticancer Applications","volume":"6","author":"Ismail","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Sci. Res."},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2019.03.013","article-title":"Extraction of Plasmid DNA by Use of a Magnetic Maghemite-Polyaniline\nNanocomposite","volume":"575","author":"da Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103822","article-title":"Hyphae-Specific Genes:\nPossible Molecular Targets for\nMagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Alone and Combined with Visible\nLight in Candida Albicans","volume":"44","author":"Khodavandi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Photodiagn. Photodyn.\nTher."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315102142700_cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/744118876","article-title":"Molecular\nOrganization of the Cell\nWall of Candida Albicans","volume":"39","author":"Klis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101315102142700_cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11122388","article-title":"A Hybrid System\nfor Magnetic Hyperthermia and Drug\nDelivery: SPION Functionalized by Curcumin Conjugate","volume":"11","author":"Lachowicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Materials"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101315102142700_cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s40199-022-00453-9","article-title":"Mesoporous Silica Coated SPIONs Containing Curcumin\nand Silymarin Intended for Breast Cancer Therapy","volume":"30","author":"Sadegha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Daru, J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101315102142700_cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4871","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26104871","article-title":"Bioimaging and Sensing Properties\nof Curcumin and Derivatives","volume":"26","author":"Gangemi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"29","key":"2026101315102142700_cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2775","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.29.009","article-title":"Treatment\nof Malignant Glioma Using Hyperthermia","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neural\nRegener. Res."},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2014.11.045","article-title":"Exploring a New SPION-Based MRI Contrast\nAgent with Excellent Water-Dispersibility, High Specificity to Cancer\nCells and Strong MR Imaging Efficacy","volume":"126","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Colloids\nSurf., B"},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2022.103010","article-title":"Photodynamic\nTherapy-a Promising Treatment of Oral Mucosal Infections","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2019.101645","article-title":"Curcumin\nInduced\nPhotodynamic Therapy Mediated Suppression of Quorum Sensing Pathway\nof Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: An Approach to Inhibit Biofilm in Vitro","volume":"30","author":"Abdulrahman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026101315102142700_cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8841","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202212_30556","article-title":"Curcumin\/H2O2 Photodynamically\nActivated:\nAn Antimicrobial Time-Response Assessment against an MDR Strain of\nCandida Albicans","volume":"26","author":"Casu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol.\nSci."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101315102142700_cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.4274\/cjms.2020.3099","article-title":"Oral Biofilm and Prosthetic Materials","volume":"7","author":"Faruk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cyprus J. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101315102142700_cit78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-017-2382-8","article-title":"Curcumin-Mediated\nAnti-Microbial Photodynamic Therapy\nagainst Candida Dubliniensis Biofilms","volume":"33","author":"Sanita\u0301","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lasers\nMed. Sci."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026101315102142700_cit79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8136","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25158136","article-title":"Efficacy of Curcumin-Mediated\nAntimicrobial\nPhotodynamic Therapy on Candida Spp.\u2500A Systematic Review","volume":"25","author":"Kubizna","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104246","article-title":"In Vitro\nAntimicrobial Effects of Chitosan on Microcosm Biofilms of Oral Candidiasis","volume":"125","author":"Araujo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2018.08.012","article-title":"Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by\nChlorin-Type Photosensitizers against Streptococcus Mutans Biofilms","volume":"24","author":"Garcia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102303","article-title":"Antimicrobial Effects of Photodynamic Therapy with\nFotoenticine on Streptococcus Mutans Isolated from Dental Caries","volume":"34","author":"Terra-Garcia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101315102142700_cit83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150457","article-title":"Streptococcus\nMutans Can Modulate Biofilm Formation and Attenuate the Virulence\nof Candida Albicans","volume":"11","author":"Barbosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315102142700_cit84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47561-0","article-title":"Occurrence of Staphylococci\nin the Oral Cavities of Healthy Adults and Nasal\u2013Oral Trafficking\nof the Bacteria","volume":"57","author":"Ohara-Nemoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101315102142700_cit85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12060765","article-title":"Unveiling\nthe Relevance of the Oral Cavity as a Staphylococcus\nAureus Colonization Site and Potential Source of Antimicrobial Resistance","volume":"12","author":"Campos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101315102142700_cit86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4810832","article-title":"Staphylococcus Aureus in the Oral\nCavity: A Three-Year Retrospective\nAnalysis of Clinical Laboratory Data","volume":"195","author":"Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. Dent.\nJ."},{"key":"2026101315102142700_cit87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58600","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c06786","article-title":"Photothermic Release of Curcumin for Antimicrobial\nPhotodynamic Therapy","volume":"10","author":"Trigo-Gutierrez","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101315102142700_cit88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249547","article-title":"Targeting Candida\nAlbicans in Dual-Species\nBiofilms with Antifungal Treatment Reduces Staphylococcus Aureus and\nMRSA in Vitro","volume":"16","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c04006","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/40\/60818\/68733846\/acsomega.6c04006.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/40\/60818\/68733846\/acsomega.6c04006.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:50:52Z","timestamp":1791921052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/40\/60818\/5443794\/Effects-of-Antimicrobial-Photodynamic-Therapy"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"40","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c04006","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]}}}