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In a previous study, the introduction of quaternary ammonium groups was shown to increase the amphiphilic character and solubility of the starch derivatives, promoting wettability alteration from oil-wet to mixed-wet conditions at concentrations of 1 mg\/mL on the limestone outcrop surface. Motivated by these findings, three 2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propyl starch derivatives (HTPS), previously synthesized from corn starch with different cationic degrees of substitution (DS) and molar masses (MM), were evaluated as potential enhanced oil recovery (EOR) agents. Core-flood experiments on carbonate plugs revealed incremental oil recoveries of 6\u201311% over conventional waterflooding, with higher DS and MM enhancing oil displacement efficiency through improved carbonate wettability alteration and sweep efficiency. To provide molecular-level evidence for the oil recovery mechanisms, the original crude oil and recovered oils from core-flood tests were analyzed by ultrahigh-resolution electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI(\u00b1) FT-ICR MS). The compositional analysis demonstrated significant changes in acidic and basic polar compounds, particularly within nitrogen- and oxygen-containing classes, suggesting selective adsorption and fractionation processes at the rock\u2013fluid interface. These findings highlight ESI(\u00b1) FT-ICR MS as a key analytical tool linking macroscopic recovery performance with molecular-level fractionation in the recovered oil, thus validating the mechanisms behind the enhanced oil recovery observed in carbonate cores.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c04058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T12:35:42Z","timestamp":1785155742000},"page":"46899-46914","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modified Starch\nFlooding in Carbonates: Impact on\nOil Recovery and Crude Oil Composition"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0661-3759","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lorraine L. G. C.","family":"de Araujo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , , Cidade Universita\u0301ria , , ,","place":["Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, 21941-909"]},{"name":"Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF) , , Imboassica , , ,","place":["Macae\u0301, RJ, Brazil, 27910-970"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana G. P.","family":"Sodre\u0301","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF) , , Imboassica , , ,","place":["Macae\u0301, RJ, Brazil, 27910-970"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3691-4328","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Danielle","family":"Mitze Muller Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Goia\u0301s (UFG) , , , ,","place":["Goia\u0302nia, GO, Brazil, 74690-900"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo dos S.","family":"Cescon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , , Cidade Universita\u0301ria , , ,","place":["Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, 21941-909"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1197-4284","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Boniek","family":"Gontijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Goia\u0301s (UFG) , , , ,","place":["Goia\u0302nia, GO, Brazil, 74690-900"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgiana F.","family":"Da Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF) , , Imboassica , , ,","place":["Macae\u0301, RJ, Brazil, 27910-970"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081110152147200_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s12182-017-0198-6","article-title":"Review of Surfactant-Assisted\nChemical Enhanced Oil Recovery for Carbonate Reservoirs: Challenges\nand Future Perspectives","volume":"15","author":"Pal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pet. 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