{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:07:01Z","timestamp":1788876421448,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"35","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena????o de Aperfei??oamento de Pessoal de N??vel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004263","name":"Funda????o de Amparo fi ls Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25\/2551-0002811-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25\/2551-0002811-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004263","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Cryptococcus species complex are major human pathogenic fungi capable of causing cryptococcosis, a severe pneumonia and meningitidis in both immunocompromised and, in some cases, immunocompetent patients. Their pathogenic success depends not only on classical virulence factors, but also on a coordinated capacity to evade, modulate, and exploit host immune responses across multiple stages of infection. In this review, we synthesize experimental evidence on the principal mechanisms that support cryptococcal immune evasion, integrating findings from molecular, cellular, and host\u2013pathogen interaction studies. We discuss how surface remodeling and capsule organization reduce pathogen-associated molecular pattern exposure and impair immune recognition; how intracellular survival is promoted through phagosomal manipulation, altered trafficking, and nonlytic escape; and how dissemination is facilitated by phenotypic plasticity and flexible strategies for blood\u2013brain barrier traversal. We further examine the contribution of metabolic adaptation, antioxidant defenses, and morphological heterogeneity to fungal persistence under host-imposed stress, as well as the ways in which Cryptococcus interferes with antigen presentation and protective immune polarization. By organizing these mechanisms within a unified framework, this review highlights how immune evasion in Cryptococcus is mediated not by a single determinant, but by an integrated and dynamic network of structural, metabolic, and immunoregulatory processes. A clearer understanding of these interconnected strategies may help refine mechanistic models of cryptococcal pathogenesis and inform future host-directed and antifungal therapeutic approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c04202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:08:33Z","timestamp":1787616513000},"page":"52232-52256","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immune Modulation\nand Evasion by\n                    <i>Cryptococcus<\/i>\n                    spp.: An\nIntegrative Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental\nEvidence"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yohana Porto","family":"Calegari-Alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , , , ,","place":["Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 90610-000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana Carolina","family":"Cardozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , , , ,","place":["Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 90610-000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8329-7839","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Walter Orlando","family":"Beys-da-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , , , ,","place":["Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 90610-000"]},{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , , , ,","place":["Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 90610-000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5698-7006","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luce\u0301lia","family":"Santi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , , , ,","place":["Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 90610-000"]},{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , , , ,","place":["Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 90610-000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"165","key":"2026090809105924800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165rv13","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004404","article-title":"Hidden Killers: Human Fungal Infections","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. 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Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"2026090809105924800_cit5","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO).\n          .  WHO Fungal\nPriority Pathogens List to Guide\nResearch. Development and Public Health Action; World Health Organization (WHO), 2022."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026090809105924800_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00511-0","article-title":"Treatment\nStrategies for Cryptococcal Infection: Challenges, Advances and Future\nOutlook","volume":"19","author":"Iyer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090809105924800_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1021\/pr401075f","article-title":"Proteomic Profile\nof Cryptococcus Neoformans Biofilm Reveals Changes\nin Metabolic Processes","volume":"13","author":"Santi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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