{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:45:43Z","timestamp":1791924343289,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004809","name":"Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["465536\/2014-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["465536\/2014-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Natural products represent an important source of candidates for breast cancer therapy. Here, we investigated the antitumor activity of (E)-4-(1-epoxy-7,8-propen)phenylbenzoate (CV2), a phenylpropanoid isolated from Croton velutinus roots, in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and evaluated its toxicity profile in nontumor cells and zebrafish embryos. CV2 exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells (IC50= 4.63 \u00b1 0.16 \u03bcM) and showed selectivity relative to nontumorigenic MCF-10A cells (SI = 9.69). CV2 also induced apoptosis, increased intracellular ROS levels, and modulated MAPK, NF-\u03baB, and PKB\/AKT signaling pathways. Pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine or MAPK inhibitors significantly attenuated CV2-induced cytotoxicity, supporting the involvement of oxidative stress and MAPK signaling in its biological effects. In toxicity studies, CV2 exhibited cytotoxicity toward peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs; IC50 = 1.75 \u00b1 0.06 \u03bcM) and an LC50 of 3.07 \u03bcM in zebrafish embryos, accompanied by alterations in oxidative stress-related enzymes. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that CV2 possesses significant antitumor activity against breast cancer cells while highlighting the need for further studies to better define its safety profile and therapeutic potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c04220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:01:28Z","timestamp":1790931688000},"page":"60877-60896","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Signaling Pathways Mediating the Cytotoxicity of (E)-4-(1-Epoxy-7,8-propenyl)phenyl\nBenzoate, a Phenylpropanoid from\n                    <i>Croton velutinus<\/i>\n                    , in MCF-7 Cells"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Renata A.","family":"de Abrantes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Parai\u0301ba (UFPB) , , , ,","place":["Joa\u0303o Pessoa, Parai\u0301ba, Brazil, 58051-970"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sa\u0302mia S.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Parai\u0301ba (UFPB) , , , ,","place":["Joa\u0303o Pessoa, Parai\u0301ba, Brazil, 58051-970"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael C.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Parai\u0301ba (UFPB) , , , ,","place":["Joa\u0303o Pessoa, Parai\u0301ba, Brazil, 58051-970"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula G. M.","family":"Farias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Parai\u0301ba (UFPB) , , , ,","place":["Joa\u0303o Pessoa, Parai\u0301ba, Brazil, 58051-970"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geraldo M. W.","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Parai\u0301ba (UFPB) , , , ,","place":["Joa\u0303o Pessoa, Parai\u0301ba, Brazil, 58051-970"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo B. A.","family":"Loureiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Parai\u0301ba (UFPB) , , , ,","place":["Joa\u0303o Pessoa, Parai\u0301ba, Brazil, 58051-970"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0651-163X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ramon R. M.","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Parai\u0301ba (UFPB) , , , ,","place":["Joa\u0303o Pessoa, Parai\u0301ba, Brazil, 58051-970"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valgri\u0301cia M.","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Parai\u0301ba (UFPB) , , , ,","place":["Joa\u0303o Pessoa, Parai\u0301ba, Brazil, 58051-970"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela B. de","family":"Lyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Parai\u0301ba (UFPB) , , , ,","place":["Joa\u0303o Pessoa, Parai\u0301ba, Brazil, 58051-970"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabela C. F.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Parai\u0301ba (UFPB) , , , ,","place":["Joa\u0303o Pessoa, Parai\u0301ba, Brazil, 58051-970"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5620-8095","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lucas S.","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fluminense Federal University , , , ,","place":["Nitero\u0301i, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 24020-141"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eudes da S.","family":"Velozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Bahia , , , ,","place":["Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, 40170-115"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1702-1102","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juan C. R.","family":"Gonc\u0327alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Parai\u0301ba (UFPB) , , , ,","place":["Joa\u0303o Pessoa, Parai\u0301ba, Brazil, 58051-970"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo S.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Parai\u0301ba (UFPB) , , , ,","place":["Joa\u0303o Pessoa, Parai\u0301ba, Brazil, 58051-970"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0293-2605","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Josean F.","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Parai\u0301ba (UFPB) , , , ,","place":["Joa\u0303o Pessoa, Parai\u0301ba, Brazil, 58051-970"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7740-034X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marianna V.","family":"Sobral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Parai\u0301ba (UFPB) , , , ,","place":["Joa\u0303o Pessoa, Parai\u0301ba, Brazil, 58051-970"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1130","key":"2026101315103991600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20211033","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20211033","article-title":"Understanding Breast Cancer as a Global Health Concern","volume":"95","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. 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Clin."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101315103991600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(25)00730-2","article-title":"Global,\nregional, and national burden of breast cancer among females, 1990\u20132023,\nwith forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden\nof Disease Study 2023","volume":"27","author":"GBD 2023 Breast Cancer Collaborators.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101315103991600_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.01.040","article-title":"Deciphering Breast Cancer: From Biology\nto the Clinic","volume":"186","author":"Nolan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"23","key":"2026101315103991600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8367","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27238367","article-title":"Natural Products\nas Anticancer Agents: Current Status and Future\nPerspectives","volume":"27","author":"Naeem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315103991600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47010030","article-title":"Phytochemicals\nin Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"47","author":"Wali","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026101315103991600_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2019.1653822","article-title":"Phenylpropanoids and Its Derivatives:\nBiological Activities and Its Role in Food, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic\nIndustries","volume":"60","author":"Neelam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. 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Sci."},{"issue":"30","key":"2026101315103991600_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21256","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M510644200","article-title":"JNK- and P38 Kinase-Mediated Phosphorylation\nof Bax Leads to Its Activation and Mitochondrial Translocation and\nto Apoptosis of Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells","volume":"281","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101315103991600_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-025-00407-6","article-title":"Targeting\nthe MAPK Signaling Pathway:\nImplications and Prospects of Flavonoids in 3P Medicine as Modulators\nof Cancer Cell Plasticity and Therapeutic Resistance in Breast Cancer\nPatients","volume":"16","author":"Kubatka","year":"2025","journal-title":"Epma J."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026101315103991600_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10760","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-1111","article-title":"Chronic Protein\nKinase B (PKB\/c-Akt) Activation Leads to Apoptosis Induced by Oxidative\nStress-Mediated Foxo3a Transcriptional up-Regulation","volume":"66","author":"Van Gorp","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101315103991600_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2003.08.039","article-title":"Evidence\nThat Activation of Nuclear Factor-\u039aB Is Essential for the Cytotoxic\nEffects of Doxorubicin and Its Analogues","volume":"67","author":"Ashikawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem.\nPharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101315103991600_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1007\/s10637-022-01272-0","article-title":"MY11 Exerts Antitumor Effects through Activation of\nthe NF-\u039aB\/PUMA Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer","volume":"40","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Invest. 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Pharmacol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101315103991600_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11091845","article-title":"The Impact of Oxidative\nStress and AKT Pathway on Cancer Cell Functions and Its Application\nto Natural Products","volume":"11","author":"Shiau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315103991600_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-05664-7","article-title":"Suppressing\nMTERF3 Inhibits Proliferation of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma via\nROS-Mediated P38 MAPK Activation","volume":"7","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. 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Toxicol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101315103991600_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024703","article-title":"Resveratrol\nSuppresses Constitutive\nActivation of AKT via Generation of ROS and Induces Apoptosis in Diffuse\nLarge B Cell Lymphoma Cell Lines","volume":"6","author":"Hussain","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101315103991600_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14070892","article-title":"Piperine Induces\nApoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest via Multiple Oxidative Stress Mechanisms\nand Regulation of PI3K\/Akt and MAPK Signaling in Colorectal Cancer\nCells","volume":"14","author":"Chang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101315103991600_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.02.003","article-title":"Scopoletin\nInduces Apoptosis in Human Promyeloleukemic Cells, Accompanied by\nActivations of Nuclear Factor \u039ab and Caspase-3","volume":"77","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101315103991600_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.32604\/biocell.2025.071569","article-title":"ROS Regulation by Natural Products:\nA Promising Therapeutic Approach\nfor Breast Cancer","volume":"49","author":"Shuai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biocell"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315103991600_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-025-11231-6","article-title":"Tumor Microenvironment\nin Breast\nCancer: Cellular Crosstalk, Pathways, and Therapeutic Insights","volume":"53","author":"Sharma","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mol. 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Biotechnol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101315103991600_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.3390\/life12111795","article-title":"Molecular\nMechanisms of Action of Eugenol in Cancer: Recent Trends and Advancement","volume":"12","author":"Padhy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"2026101315103991600_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2019.120195","article-title":"Integrative Countercurrent Chromatography for the Target\nIsolation of Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 Inhibitors from the Roots\nof Salvia Miltiorrhiza","volume":"206","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101315103991600_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.202501122","article-title":"Synthesis\nand In Vitro Evaluation of Azole-Based 1H Benzo(c)Isoxazole-3-One\nDerivatives for Antiproliferative and Immunomodulatory Activities","volume":"11","author":"Muthan","year":"2026","journal-title":"ChemistrySelect"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101315103991600_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13101439","article-title":"Chemical Composition, In Vitro Antitumor\nEffect, and Toxicity in Zebrafish of the Essential Oil from Conyza\nBonariensis (L.) 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