{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:13:01Z","timestamp":1788221581959,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"33","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Science and Technology Project of PetroChina","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YQX103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YQX103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Science and Technology Project of PetroChina","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023ZZ25YJ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZZ25YJ01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Deep coalbed methane (DCBM), also named coal rock gas (CRG), has emerged as an important unconventional gas resource in China and worldwide. Compared to conventional coalbed methane reservoirs, deep coal seams exhibit more complex gas transport behavior due to the coupled effects of adsorption\u2013desorption, matrix diffusion, and stress-dependent permeability. The DCBM production characteristics remain insufficiently understood. In this study, we developed a numerical reservoir model to evaluate the productivity potential of DCBM reservoirs. The hydraulic fracturing process is explicitly modeled to capture the influence of remaining fracturing fluids on fracture conductivity and stimulated reservoir volume development. We calibrated permeability evolution with effective stress through history matching. The production behavior of a single horizontal well is analyzed. We conducted sensitivity analyses to determine the impacts of Langmuir parameters, diffusion coefficients, gas content, and free-gas fraction on production performance. In addition, the effects of horizontal well length, well spacing, and row spacing on estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) are investigated. Our results show that hydraulic fracturing enhances fracture conductivity mainly within the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV), while pressure propagation outside the SRV remains limited. For a single horizontal well, cumulative gas production reaches 6646 \u00d7 104 m3 after 14 years. Free gas contributes about 65% of first-year production, whereas adsorbed gas becomes dominant later, accounting for 57% of the final EUR. Well-pattern optimization suggests an optimal well spacing of 350\u2013400 m. Under 400 m well spacing and 100 m row spacing, the interference rate is only 2.1%, with an average EUR of 6485 \u00d7 104 m3 per well. The results provide practical guidance for production forecasting and development optimization of DCBM reservoirs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c04453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T07:02:22Z","timestamp":1786690942000},"page":"49785-49798","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Field-Scale Modeling\nof Deep Coalbed Methane Productivity\nof the No. 8 Coal Seam in the Ordos Basin"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yujia","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNPC Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNPC Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianwei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNPC Changqing Oilfield Company , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710018"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naichao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNPC Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghao","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNPC Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0735-6179","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNPC Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1215-6868","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNPC Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolan","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNPC Changqing Oilfield Company , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710018"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanrong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNPC Changqing Oilfield Company , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710018"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5677-1953","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fangxuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNPC Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026083119125289600_cit1","volume-title":"World\nEnergy Outlook 2020","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026083119125289600_cit2","volume-title":"BP\nStatistical Review of World Energy 2020","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026083119125289600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.155913","article-title":"Molecular\ninsights into CO2 enhanced hydrocarbon recovery and its sequestration\nin multiscale shale reservoirs","volume":"498","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026083119125289600_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2942","DOI":"10.2118\/225421-PA","article-title":"Comparison\nof the effectiveness of CO2 and hydrocarbon\ngas for shale huff\u2019n\u2019puff","volume":"30","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"SPE\nJ."},{"key":"2026083119125289600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2118\/201754-MS","article-title":"Surfactant-Aided\nLow-Salinity Waterflooding for Low Temperature Carbonates","volume-title":"SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition (p. D041S049R007)","author":"Shi","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026083119125289600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2017.12.052","article-title":"A Modified Model for Spontaneous\nImbibition of Wetting Phase into Fractal Porous Media","volume":"543","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., A"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026083119125289600_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.26804\/ager.2018.03.07","article-title":"Experimental\nstudy on spontaneous\nimbibition characteristics of tight rocks","volume":"2","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv.\nGeo-Energy Res."},{"key":"2026083119125289600_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3787\/j.issn.1000-0976.2024.01.010","article-title":"Key technologies\nand countermeasures for deep and ultra-deep gas reservoir development\nin China","volume":"44","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Gas Ind."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026083119125289600_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coal.2011.04.011","article-title":"CBM and CO2-ECBM\nrelated sorption processes in coal:\na review","volume":"87","author":"Busch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Coal Geol."},{"key":"2026083119125289600_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2118\/138160-MS","article-title":"Simulation\nof deep coalbed methane permeability and production assuming variable\npore volume compressibility","volume-title":"SPE Canada\nUnconventional Resources Conference (p SPE\u2013138160)","author":"Tonnsen","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026083119125289600_cit11","article-title":"Deep coalbed\ngas plays in the US rocky mountain region","volume-title":"Annual Meeting Expanded Abstracts\u2500American Association of\nPetroleum Geologists (Vol. 12, p 127)","author":"Nelson","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026083119125289600_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2118\/26196-MS","article-title":"Deep coal seams:\nan overlooked source for long-term natural gas supplies","volume-title":"SPE unconventional resources conference\/gas technology\nsymposium (pp SPE\u201326196)","author":"Kuuskraa","year":"1993"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2026083119125289600_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coal.2007.12.003","article-title":"The use of numerical simulation in\npredicting coalbed methane producibility\nfrom the Gates coals, Alberta Inner Foothills, Canada: Comparison\nwith Mannville coal CBM production in the Alberta Syncline","volume":"74","author":"Gentzis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Coal Geol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026083119125289600_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.2118\/16418-PA","article-title":"An analysis\nof the coal-seam gas resource of the Piceance Basin, Colorado","volume":"40","author":"McFall","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Pet. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026083119125289600_cit15","first-page":"255","article-title":"Efficient\ndevelopment technologies and application\neffects of tight sandstone gas in Ordos Basin","volume":"46","author":"Jia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pet. Sin."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026083119125289600_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/S1876-3804(23)60404-5","article-title":"Forecast of natural\ngas supply and demand in China under the background of \u201cDual\nCarbon Targets\u201d","volume":"50","author":"Jia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pet. Explor. 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Coal Geol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026083119125289600_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.12363\/issn.1001-1986.25.01.0046","article-title":"Key experimental technologies\nand their development directions for the exploration and production\nof deep coalbed methane","volume":"53","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Coal Geol. Explor."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026083119125289600_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1672-7703.2025.04.001","article-title":"Theory, technology, exploration and\ndevelopment progress and prospects of coal rock gas in China","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"China Pet. Explor."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2026083119125289600_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coal.2009.12.005","article-title":"Numerical simulation\nof coalbed methane generation, dissipation and retention in SE edge\nof Ordos Basin, China","volume":"82","author":"Wei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Coal Geol."},{"key":"2026083119125289600_cit26","article-title":"Comparative experimental study\nof CO2 huff-n-puff using live and dead oils","volume-title":"SPE\/AAPG\/SEG Unconventional Resources Technology Conference (p. D011S016R003)","author":"Guo","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026083119125289600_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15530\/urtec-2021-5447","article-title":"Use of hydrocarbon gas to replace\nCO2 for shale oil huff-n-puff eor","volume-title":"SPE\/AAPG\/SEG\nUnconventional Resources Technology Conference (p. D031S062R001)","author":"Zeng","year":"2021"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026083119125289600_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3045","DOI":"10.1002\/ese3.70085","article-title":"Numerical simulation\nof deep coalbed methane development based on embedded discrete fracture\nmodel: A triple medium flow approach","volume":"13","author":"An","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energy\nSci. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026083119125289600_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3390\/app16010041","article-title":"Productivity Simulation of Multilayer\nCommingled Production in Deep Coalbed Methane Reservoirs: A Coupled\nStress-Desorption-Flow Model","volume":"16","author":"Mu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026083119125289600_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.3390\/pr13061699","article-title":"Three-Dimensional Geomechanical Modeling and Hydraulic\nFracturing Parameter Optimization for Deep Coalbed Methane Reservoirs:\nA Case Study of the Daniudi Gas Field, Ordos Basin","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"2026083119125289600_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.32604\/fdmp.2026.075630","article-title":"Flowback\nBehavior of Deep Coalbed Methane Horizontal Wells","volume-title":"Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing","author":"Sun","year":"2026"},{"key":"2026083119125289600_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.56952\/ARMA-2024-0416","article-title":"Gas\nProduction Prediction Model and Parametric Analyses for Fractured\nHorizontal Well in Deep Coalbed Methane Reservoirs","volume-title":"ARMA US Rock Mechanics\/Geomechanics Symposium (p. D042S062R008)","author":"Jia","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026083119125289600_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2118\/212792-MS","article-title":"Numerical modeling of field\nPilot data designed to evaluate CO2 storage potential in the deep\nMannville coal seams of Alberta","volume-title":"SPE Canadian\nEnergy Technology Conference (p. D011S011R003)","author":"Yang","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026083119125289600_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.13225\/j.cnki.jccs.2015.9033","article-title":"Well group carbon dioxide\ninjection for enhanced coalbed methane recovery and key parameter\nof the numerical simulation and application in deep coalbed methane","volume":"41","author":"Ye","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. China Coal Soc."},{"key":"2026083119125289600_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coal.2023.104369","article-title":"A comprehensive\nreview of deep coalbed methane and recent developments in China","volume":"279","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Coal Geol."},{"key":"2026083119125289600_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2025.137310","article-title":"Dynamic distribution\npatterns and release behavior of adsorbed gas\/free\ngas during deep coalbed methane production","volume":"407","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"2026083119125289600_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoen.2025.213942","article-title":"CO2 huff-n-puff in shale cores: Live-oil\nvs. dead-oil","volume":"252","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Geoenergy Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026083119125289600_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/S1876-3804(26)60650-7","article-title":"Evaluation methodology\nof coal-rock gas resources and exploration\npotential of favorable areas in onshore China","volume":"52","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pet. Explor. Dev."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026083119125289600_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1016\/S1876-3804(26)60661-1","article-title":"Development indicators\nevaluation and technical optimization direction for deep coal-rock\ngas: A case study of Ordos Basin, NW China","volume":"52","author":"Jia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pet. Explor. Dev."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c04453","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/33\/49785\/66541940\/acsomega.6c04453.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/33\/49785\/66541940\/acsomega.6c04453.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T23:13:04Z","timestamp":1788217984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/33\/49785\/5255206\/Field-Scale-Modeling-of-Deep-Coalbed-Methane"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c04453","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]}}}