{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:11:19Z","timestamp":1790093479085,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"37","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Petroleum operations generate large volumes of oily sludge, a complex residue composed of emulsified oil, water, mineral solids, and chemical additives. This waste reduces storage capacity, accelerates corrosion, and poses significant environmental challenges. Although gas condensate (C5+) has been mentioned in isolated studies, its systematic application as the primary extraction solvent in a mixer\u2013settler system combined with surfactant-assisted demulsification and statistically optimized operating conditions remains unexplored. This study evaluates the feasibility of using C5+ to recover hydrocarbons from oily sludge generated during primary processing. A mixer\u2013settler system was employed with C5+ as the extraction solvent and the commercial surfactant Dissolvan 974 (Clariant), a polycondensed resin dissolved in an organic solvent mixture of xylene and ethanol (20\u201330% each), to destabilize emulsions. The raw sludge contained 60.5% water, 23.5% oil, and 16.0% solids. A 33\u20131 fractional factorial design was used to optimize operational parameters. The results demonstrate that C5+ enables efficient oil\u2013water\u2013solid separation and high hydrocarbon recovery, providing a technically viable and environmentally aligned pathway for oily sludge valorization. This integrated strategy offers a cost-effective alternative by utilizing an internal industrial byproduct to replace conventional solvents, while promoting environmental sustainability through circular-economy principles and alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 6, 9, and 12).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c04519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T15:01:48Z","timestamp":1788879708000},"page":"56131-56144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Use of Gas Condensate\nfor the Recovery of Hydrocarbons\nfrom Oily Sludge"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Andre\u0301 Luis Andrade dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Petrobras , ,","place":["Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 20231-030"]},{"name":"Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) , , ,","place":["Salvador, Brazil, 40210-630"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose\u0301 Jailton","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Sergipe , , ,","place":["Sao Cristovao, Brazil, 49100-000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2947-718X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joa\u0303o Paulo Lobo","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Sergipe , , ,","place":["Sao Cristovao, Brazil, 49100-000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel Francisco","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Sergipe , , ,","place":["Sao Cristovao, Brazil, 49100-000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3824-7802","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luiz Carlos Lobato dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) , , ,","place":["Salvador, Brazil, 40210-630"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8031-1401","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"George","family":"Simonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) , , ,","place":["Salvador, Brazil, 40210-630"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre\u0301 Luis Dantas","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Sergipe , , ,","place":["Sao Cristovao, Brazil, 49100-000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092210585041100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130452","article-title":"Mechanism of separation and removal\nof water from oily sludge using liquid dimethyl ether to dissolve\nhydrocarbons","volume":"279","author":"Mu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026092210585041100_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2021.101654","article-title":"Biotreatment of oil\nsludge containing\nhydrocarbons by Proteus mirabilis SB","volume":"23","author":"Ke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ.\nTechnol. 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Eng."},{"key":"2026092210585041100_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dwt.2025.101503","article-title":"A review of innovative methods for\nrecycling oily sludge:\nTechnological advances, challenges, and environmental benefits","volume":"324","author":"Taherkhani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Desalin. Water Treat."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092210585041100_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.22034\/gjesm.2017.03.01.004","article-title":"2017. Management of toxic and hazardous\ncontents of\noil sludge in Siri Island","volume":"3","author":"Pazoki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Global J. Environ.\nSci. Manage."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026092210585041100_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14401","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.7b02481","article-title":"2017. 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Total Environ."},{"key":"2026092210585041100_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29543","DOI":"10.1039\/D2RA03770J","article-title":"Probing the\nseparation mechanism of solid\u2013liquid\ncomponents in oily sludge and sludge containing polymers for a harmless\ntreatment process of sludge","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026092210585041100_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2010.04.001","article-title":"Fuel recovery\nfrom waste oily sludge\nusing solvent extraction","volume":"88","author":"Zubaidy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Process Saf. 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