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While silica dominates current technologies, this work investigates a novel trivalent europium-doped lanthanum fluorogermanate glass. Such glasses stand out as promising candidates because of their optical transparency and thermal stability. Nevertheless, the suitability of LFG glasses for waveguide-based all-optical devices remains unclear, as optical parameters governing mode confinement, Kerr response, and laser damage threshold are still insufficiently characterized. Here, we investigate sub-bandgap femtosecond-laser processing of fluorogermanate glass, determining surface micromachining parameters and inscribing waveguides within the bulk. Incubation effects under 515 and 1030 nm irradiation are studied, and differences are discussed in terms of the ionization mechanisms. Also, photoluminescence spectroscopy indicates an increase in the local centrosymmetry around the Eu3+ sites following laser irradiation. Finally, we determine optical parameters for evaluating the performance of the material: the refractive index spectrum and group-velocity dispersion indicate a low-dispersion character of the glass. The nonlinear refractive index is determined via nonlinear ellipse rotation, reaching values up to three times higher than those of silica in telecommunication bands. Together with the three-photon figure of merit, our findings highlight the potential of fluorogermanate glass for waveguide-based all-optical devices for telecom photonics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c04632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:01:34Z","timestamp":1790398894000},"page":"59103-59112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lanthanum Fluorogermanate Glass for Telecom Nonlinear\nPhotonics: fs-Laser-Written Waveguides"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8830-8955","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Renan","family":"Cunha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sa\u0303o Paulo , , ,","place":["Sa\u0303o Carlos, Brazil, 13566-590"]},{"name":"Instituto Tecnolo\u0301gico de Aerona\u0301utica , , ,","place":["Sa\u0303o Jose\u0301 dos Campos, Brazil, 12228-900"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly Tasso","family":"de Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sa\u0303o Paulo , , ,","place":["Sa\u0303o Carlos, Brazil, 13566-590"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Barbosa","family":"de Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sa\u0303o Paulo , , ,","place":["Sa\u0303o Carlos, Brazil, 13566-590"]},{"name":"Federal University of Ouro Preto , , ,","place":["Ouro Preto, Brazil, 35400-000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael Rodrigues","family":"Faleiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Alfenas , , ,","place":["Poc\u0327os de Caldas, Brazil, 37715-400"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Fla\u0301via Teo\u0301filo","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Alfenas , , ,","place":["Poc\u0327os de Caldas, Brazil, 37715-400"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabia Castro","family":"Cassanjes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Alfenas , , ,","place":["Poc\u0327os de Caldas, Brazil, 37715-400"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gael Yves","family":"Poirier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Alfenas , , ,","place":["Poc\u0327os de Caldas, Brazil, 37715-400"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6624-8453","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lino","family":"Misoguti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sa\u0303o Paulo , , ,","place":["Sa\u0303o Carlos, Brazil, 13566-590"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6672-2186","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cleber R.","family":"Mendonc\u0327a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sa\u0303o Paulo , , ,","place":["Sa\u0303o Carlos, Brazil, 13566-590"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"2026100610473589800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2614(03)00359-2","article-title":"Two-Photon Absorption in Perylene\nDerivatives","volume":"371","author":"De Boni","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chem. 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Chem.\nC"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026100610473589800_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"B50","DOI":"10.1364\/PRJ.6.000B50","article-title":"Nonlinear\nOptics on Silicon-Rich\nNitride\u2500a High Nonlinear Figure of Merit CMOS Platform","volume":"6","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photonics Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026100610473589800_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.202300642","article-title":"Low-Temperature\nSputtered Ultralow-Loss Silicon Nitride for Hybrid Photonic Integration","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Laser Photonics Rev."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026100610473589800_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7818","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.5c01063","article-title":"Sb2 (TeO4)(SO4): An Anhydrous Tellurite Sulfate with\nLarge Birefringence and Enhanced Thermal Stability","volume":"64","author":"Dong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026100610473589800_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30184","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.495677","article-title":"Laser Damage\nProperties of LiB3O5 Crystal Surface under UV Laser Irradiation","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100610473589800_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-022-01022-0","article-title":"Hydrothermal Growth of KTiOPO4 Crystal\nfor Electro-Optical Application","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Light: Sci.\nAppl."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100610473589800_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1021\/cr9000429","article-title":"Electric\nField Poled Organic Electro-Optic\nMaterials: State of the Art and Future Prospects","volume":"110","author":"Dalton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. 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Int."},{"key":"2026100610473589800_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8099","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15228099","article-title":"Rare Earth\nDoped Glasses\/Ceramics: Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Their\nOptical Applications","volume":"15","author":"Pisarski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Materials"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100610473589800_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23746149.2020.1833753","article-title":"Rare-Earth\nIon Doped Al2O3 for Active\nIntegrated Photonics","volume":"6","author":"Hendriks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Phys. X"},{"key":"2026100610473589800_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2024.120704","article-title":"Enhanced Rare-Earth Ion Doping in\nSilica Glass by Photopolymerization for Microlaser","volume":"273","author":"Ouyang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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