{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:58:55Z","timestamp":1790701135174,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["305287\/2022-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305287\/2022-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["307866\/2022-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["307866\/2022-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005671","name":"Funda??o de Apoio ? Pesquisa e ? Inova??o Tecnol?gica do Estado de Sergipe","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005671","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The high cost, scarcity, and limited stability of noble-metal-based electrocatalysts, such as platinum and rhodium, have motivated the search for more abundant, sustainable, and economically viable alternative materials for water electrolysis. In this context, biochar obtained from plant residues stands out as a promising carbonaceous material for the development of efficient electrocatalysts with low environmental impact. In this work, an electrocatalyst based on biochar derived from the aquatic plant Marsilea minuta was developed and evaluated for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Structural and chemical characterization revealed an amorphous, porous structure and the presence of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups, including carboxylic acids, and pyridinic N moieties, which may serve as active sites favorable for electrocatalytic reactions. Electrochemical analyses performed using a glassy carbon electrode modified with the material demonstrated significant activity toward both HER and OER, with low overpotentials of \u22120.19 and 0.36 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), respectively, required to reach current densities of 10 mA cm\u20132, and Tafel slopes consistent with favorable reaction kinetics. Electrochemical stability was confirmed by chronopotentiometric measurements, highlighting the potential of the biochar (BMQ) as a low-cost, low environmental impact, bifunctional electrocatalyst.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c04638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T15:01:24Z","timestamp":1789311684000},"page":"57153-57163","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bifunctional\n                    <i>Marsilea minuta<\/i>\n                    Biochar for Sustainable Hydrogen\nand Oxygen Production"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Marcos V.","family":"Q. Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Sergipe , , ,","place":["Sa\u0303o Cristo\u0301va\u0303o, Brazil, 49100-000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yslaine Andrade","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Sergipe , , ,","place":["Sa\u0303o Cristo\u0301va\u0303o, Brazil, 49100-000"]},{"name":"Institute of Technology and Research (ITP) , , ,","place":["Aracaju, Brazil, 49032-490"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ci\u0301cero Ina\u0301cio da","family":"Silva Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Sergipe , , ,","place":["Sa\u0303o Cristo\u0301va\u0303o, Brazil, 49100-000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisiane dos Santos","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Sergipe , , ,","place":["Sa\u0303o Cristo\u0301va\u0303o, Brazil, 49100-000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valter Doria","family":"Rocha Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Sergipe , , ,","place":["Sa\u0303o Cristo\u0301va\u0303o, Brazil, 49100-000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silva\u0302nio Silve\u0301rio","family":"Lopes da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Sergipe , , ,","place":["Sa\u0303o Cristo\u0301va\u0303o, Brazil, 49100-000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3252-1746","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Giancarlo R.","family":"Salazar-Banda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technology and Research (ITP) , , ,","place":["Aracaju, Brazil, 49032-490"]},{"name":"Tiradentes University , , ,","place":["Aracaju, Brazil, 49032-490"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1425-8048","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eliana Midori","family":"Sussuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Sergipe , , ,","place":["Sa\u0303o Cristo\u0301va\u0303o, Brazil, 49100-000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"47","key":"2026092911100184100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2022.04.227","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review of Hydrogen\nProduction and Storage: A Focus on the Role of Nanomaterials","volume":"47","author":"Epelle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300273","DOI":"10.1002\/aesr.202300273","article-title":"Recent Advances\nand Challenges of\nHydrogen Production Technologies via Renewable Energy Sources","volume":"5","author":"Worku","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Sustainability Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092911100184100_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes12020173","article-title":"A Critical Review of\nRenewable Hydrogen Production Methods: Factors Affecting Their Scale-Up\nand Its Role in Future Energy Generation","volume":"12","author":"Agyekum","year":"2022","journal-title":"Membranes"},{"issue":"79","key":"2026092911100184100_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2022.07.261","article-title":"The Future\nof Hydrogen Energy: Bio-Hydrogen\nProduction Technology","volume":"47","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.02.046","article-title":"Review and\nEvaluation of Hydrogen Production Options\nfor Better Environment","volume":"218","author":"Acar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026092911100184100_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ngib.2022.04.006","article-title":"Industrial\nStatus, Technological Progress, Challenges, and Prospects of Hydrogen\nEnergy","volume":"9","author":"Zou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Gas Ind. B"},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2025.02.257","article-title":"Green Hydrogen for a Sustainable Future: A Review of\nProduction Methods, Innovations, and Applications","volume":"111","author":"Anand","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2024.120033","article-title":"Green Hydrogen\nas a Power Plant Fuel: What Is Energy Efficiency from Production to\nUtilization?","volume":"223","author":"Pashchenko","year":"2024","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092911100184100_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.9b00248","article-title":"Recent Advances\nin Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Using Nanoparticles","volume":"120","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026092911100184100_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-023-01613-2","article-title":"Optimizing Biomass Pathways to Bioenergy\nand Biochar Application in Electricity Generation, Biodiesel Production,\nand Biohydrogen Production","volume":"21","author":"Osman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogsc.2024.100932","article-title":"Green Hydrogen Production by Water\nElectrolysis: Current Status and Challenges","volume":"47","author":"Amini Horri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Green Sustainable Chem."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026092911100184100_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2022.10.203","article-title":"A Short Review\nof the Kinetic Parameters\nof Carbon Quantum Dots for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction","volume":"48","author":"Selvaraju","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092911100184100_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12627","article-title":"Scientists\u2019\nWarning on Invasive Alien Species","volume":"95","author":"Pys\u030cek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092911100184100_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-018-3743-z","article-title":"Marsilea Quadrifolia: A New Bioagent\nfor Treating Wastewater","volume":"229","author":"Abbasi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water, Air, Soil Pollut."},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2018.09.010","article-title":"Simple Synthesis\nof Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon from Chinese Steamed Bread Flour and\nIts Catalytic Application for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction","volume":"290","author":"Nsabimana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2022.123327","article-title":"Hydrothermal Pretreatment\nof Cotton Textile Wastes: Biofuel Characteristics and Biochar Electrocatalytic\nPerformance","volume":"316","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2024.130351","article-title":"Cattle Manure Biochar-Based Electrode Applied in Electrocatalytic\nLow-Carbon Hydrogen Evolution Reactions","volume":"333","author":"Monteiro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater.\nChem. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092911100184100_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/s13065-018-0476-4","article-title":"Chemical Composition,\nAntioxidant Activity and Antibacterial Mechanism of Action from Marsilea\nMinuta Leaf Hexane: Methanol Extract","volume":"12","author":"Arokiyaraj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem.\nCent. J."},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140707","article-title":"Simultaneous Determination of Carbendazim\nand Carbaryl Pesticides in Water Bodies Samples Using a New Voltammetric\nSensor Based on Moringa Oleifera Biochar","volume":"347","author":"Silva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsadv.2023.100547","article-title":"A Systematic\nReview of Lignocellulosic\nBiomass for Remediation of Environmental Pollutants","volume":"19","author":"Kaur","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2021.111698","article-title":"Variation\nof Lignocellulosic Biomass Structure from Torrefaction: A Critical\nReview","volume":"152","author":"Ong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev."},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2024.111809","article-title":"Structure-Property\nCorrelations Study in Biochar-Enhanced Polyamide Composites for Sustainable\nMaterials Development","volume":"286","author":"Baniasadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Compos B Eng."},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2024.130920","article-title":"Dual-Function Macroalgae\nBiochar: Catalyst for Hydrogen Production and Electrocatalyst","volume":"362","author":"Bekirogullari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2024.129919","article-title":"Composite\nof Organo-LDH and Biochar for Diclofenac Sodium Removal from Aqueous\nSolutions","volume":"328","author":"de Jesus","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026092911100184100_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.3c00059","article-title":"Dynamic Electrodeposition\non Bubbles: An Effective\nStrategy toward Porous Electrocatalysts for Green Hydrogen Cycling","volume":"56","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2019.06.016","article-title":"An Efficient\nPalm Waste Derived Hierarchical Porous\nCarbon for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction","volume":"152","author":"Prabu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA10353K","article-title":"Biochar Production and Applications\nin Soil Fertility\nand Carbon Sequestration-a Sustainable Solution to Crop-Residue Burning\nin India","volume":"8","author":"Mohan","year":"2018","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092911100184100_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100312","DOI":"10.1002\/masy.202100312","article-title":"Potassium Chloride Nanoparticles:\nSynthesis, Characterization, and Study the Antimicrobial Applications","volume":"401","author":"Ismail","year":"2022","journal-title":"Macromol. Symp."},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joei.2025.102128","article-title":"Optimized Preparation of Biochar\nfrom Large-Particle Biomass: Analysis of Process Characteristics and\nStructural Evolution","volume":"120","author":"Jiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Energy Inst."},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.161338","article-title":"Innovative\nNitrogen-Doped Biochar-Derived Ball-Milled\nDefective in-Situ Amino Biochar Molecularly Imprinted Gels for Selective\nRemoval of BPA: Theoretical Simulation and Mechanistic Insights","volume":"509","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nxener.2024.100171","article-title":"Poultry Litter-Derived Biochar for\nSupercapacitor Applications","volume":"5","author":"Rafsan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Next Energy"},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2024.126637","article-title":"Facile Preparation\nof Sodium Alginate Gel Beads Enhanced by Polyamino-Modified 3D Carbon\nfor Efficient Remediation of Organic Dyes in Wastewater","volume":"339","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092911100184100_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics8010032","article-title":"Honeycomb-like MnO2\/Biochar\nCatalyst Fabricated by High-Energy Electron\nBeam Irradiation for Degradation of Antibiotics in Swine Urine","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomimetics"},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad0832","article-title":"Active Sites of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon\nMaterials for\nOxygen Reduction Reaction Clarified Using Model Catalysts","volume":"351","author":"Guo","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11544","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c00639","article-title":"\u201cWe\nAre Here!\u201d Oxygen\nFunctional Groups in Carbons for Electrochemical Applications","volume":"12","author":"Jerigova\u0301","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega. American Chemical Society April"},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s44442-026-00091-9","article-title":"Chemical Modification of Carbon Surfaces\nwith Oxygen,\nNitrogen, and Sulphur Groups","volume":"30","author":"Perveen","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Saudi Chem.\nSoc."},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2024.106231","article-title":"The Effect of Biochar\nin a Specialty Adsorbent on Enhanced PFAS Removal from Surface Water","volume":"67","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Water Proc. Eng."},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9165","DOI":"10.1039\/C9SC03831K","article-title":"The Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: From Material to Interfacial\nDescriptors","volume":"10","author":"Dubouis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7568","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201710556","article-title":"The Hydrogen Evolution\nReaction in Alkaline Solution: From Theory, Single Crystal Models,\nto Practical Electrocatalysts","volume":"57","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angew. Chem.,\nInt. Ed."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026092911100184100_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3112","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.4c00831","article-title":"From Theory to Practice:\nA Critical and Comparative Assessment of Tafel Slope Analysis Techniques\nin Electrocatalytic Water Splitting","volume":"6","author":"Singha Roy","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Mater.\nLett."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092911100184100_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.3c01439","article-title":"Unraveling and Resolving the Inconsistencies\nin Tafel Analysis for\nHydrogen Evolution Reactions","volume":"10","author":"Wan","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Cent. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092911100184100_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.4c00266","article-title":"Tafel Slope Plot as a Tool to Analyze Electrocatalytic\nReactions","volume":"9","author":"van der Heijden","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Energy Lett."},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2019.06.016","article-title":"An Efficient\nPalm Waste Derived Hierarchical Porous\nCarbon towards Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction","volume":"152","author":"Prabu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092911100184100_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2732","DOI":"10.34117\/bjdv7n1-186","article-title":"Synthesis\nof carbon dots from aniline derivatives in order to evaluate the effect\nof substituents on photophysical and structural properties","volume":"7","author":"Davi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz. J. Dev."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026092911100184100_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28172","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.4c04790","article-title":"Heterostructured\nCo-NiSe 2 Nanorods on MXene Nanosheets as Synergistic Electrode\nMaterial for Supercapacitor","volume":"7","author":"Patel","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano\nMater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092911100184100_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nww072","article-title":"Pseudocapacitive Materials for Electrochemical\nCapacitors: From Rational Synthesis to Capacitance Optimization","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Natl. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.124726","article-title":"Recent Progress in\nElectrode Fabrication for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen\nEvolution Reaction: A Mini Review","volume":"393","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng.\nJ."},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2025.112148","article-title":"Biochar-Supported\nSub-3 Nm PtRu Alloy Nanoparticles for Efficient Electrocatalytic Overall\nWater Splitting","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"issue":"28","key":"2026092911100184100_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2316296","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202316296","article-title":"Progress on the Design of Electrocatalysts\nfor Large-Current Hydrogen Production by Tuning Thermodynamic and\nKinetic Factors","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026092911100184100_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3800","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CY00669K","article-title":"Developments and\nPerspectives of Oxide-Based Catalysts\nfor the Oxygen Evolution Reaction","volume":"4","author":"Fabbri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Catal. Sci.\nTechnol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092911100184100_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2009.11.002","article-title":"Recent Progress in Alkaline Water Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production\nand Applications","volume":"36","author":"Zeng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Energy Combust. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092911100184100_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s42773-025-00464-0","article-title":"Development of Hazelnut Shell-Derived Biochar to Support\na Bifunctional MoCo Electrocatalyst for HER\/OER in Alkaline Medium","volume":"7","author":"N\u0303anculeo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochar"},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2015.10.006","article-title":"PH Dependence\nof OER Activity of Oxides: Current and\nFuture Perspectives","volume":"262","author":"Giordano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092911100184100_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2023.108351","article-title":"Strategies to Accelerate Bubble Detachment\nfor Efficient Hydrogen\nEvolution","volume":"35","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"2026092911100184100_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.174779","article-title":"Structuring Triple-Phase\nInterfaces toward High Efficiency Gas-Evolving Electrocatalysts","volume":"533","author":"Wei","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026092911100184100_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3379","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.2c06282","article-title":"Advancing the Rigor and Reproducibility of Electrocatalyst\nBenchmarking and Intrinsic Material Degradation Analysis for Water\nOxidation","volume":"13","author":"Edgington","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"issue":"48","key":"2026092911100184100_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27543","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CP03731E","article-title":"Effect of Nafion\nContent and Hydration Level on the Electrochemical Area of a Pt Nanocatalyst\nin the Triple-Phase Boundary","volume":"23","author":"Jime\u0301nez-Garci\u0301a","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem.\nPhys."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c04638","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/38\/57153\/68493440\/acsomega.6c04638.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/38\/57153\/68493440\/acsomega.6c04638.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:10:11Z","timestamp":1790698211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/38\/57153\/5428992\/Bifunctional-Marsilea-minuta-Biochar-for"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"38","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c04638","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]]}}}