{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:44:55Z","timestamp":1791924295954,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of the Environment and Energy Security","award":["D53C22000800001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D53C22000800001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The construction sector has a significant environmental footprint, primarily due to its extensive use of natural resources. In the context of ongoing efforts to promote resource efficiency and reduce the consumption of nonrenewable materials, this study explores the physical, mechanical, and environmental performance of a circular concrete incorporating recycled aggregates derived from sink manufacturing waste consisting of a composite material that would otherwise be disposed of in landfills. This waste, composed of approximately one-third methacrylic resin (MMA) and two-thirds mineral filler (virgin quartz), was processed into different particle-size fractions and used as a partial replacement for both fine and coarse natural aggregates. An extensive experimental program involving more than 200 concrete specimens was carried out to assess the behavior of the developed mixtures in both fresh and hardened conditions. The investigation included the evaluation of workability, density, water absorption and permeability, mechanical performance under compressive, flexural, and tensile loading, elastic modulus, shrinkage, and postcracking response. The results indicate that the incorporation of recycled aggregates generally reduced compressive strength and stiffness, with significant reductions observed at higher replacement levels and when fine recycled fractions were used, while tensile-related properties were less affected. Overall, low replacement levels of coarse recycled aggregates provided the best balance between mechanical performance and sustainability, whereas higher replacement levels and the use of fine recycled fractions appear more suitable for nonstructural applications. The environmental performance of the different mixes was evaluated through Life Cycle Assessment. Recycled aggregates were assigned only the impacts associated with the milling process, while the impact of landfill disposal of the composite material, avoided through its valorization, was subtracted. The effect of the avoided impact is more or less significant depending on the impact category. Under the assumptions adopted in the LCA system modeling (cutoff approach with avoided landfill credit assigned to the waste material), the environmental results, referred to 1 m3 of concrete, demonstrate that as the percentage of replacement of natural aggregates with recycled ones increases, environmental impacts decrease. These findings support the implementation of circular economy principles in the construction sector, providing a sustainable strategy for reducing landfill waste and offering a pathway for the valorization of industrial byproducts in civil engineering applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c04730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T09:01:21Z","timestamp":1790845281000},"page":"60920-60940","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mechanical and\nEnvironmental Performance of Circular\nConcrete with Recycled Aggregates from Composite Material Waste"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0554-5870","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Patrizia","family":"Bernardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Parma , , Parco Area delle Scienze, 181\/A , ,","place":["Parma, Italy, 43124"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4890-5867","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Federico","family":"Pagliari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Parma , , Parco Area delle Scienze, 181\/A , ,","place":["Parma, Italy, 43124"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5897-1641","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alice","family":"Sirico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Parma , , Parco Area delle Scienze, 181\/A , ,","place":["Parma, Italy, 43124"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0133-6553","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arianna","family":"Paini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Parma , , Parco Area delle Scienze, 181\/A , ,","place":["Parma, Italy, 43124"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8182-6618","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Corrado","family":"Sciancalepore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Parma , , Parco Area delle Scienze, 181\/A , ,","place":["Parma, Italy, 43124"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6257-3600","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel","family":"Milanese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Parma , , Parco Area delle Scienze, 181\/A , ,","place":["Parma, Italy, 43124"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0129-4085","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Vignali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Parma , , Parco Area delle Scienze, 181\/A , ,","place":["Parma, Italy, 43124"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Belletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Parma , , Parco Area delle Scienze, 181\/A , ,","place":["Parma, Italy, 43124"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2026101315074133400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4930","article-title":"Towards Sustainable Concrete","volume":"16","author":"Monteiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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Sustainability"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101315074133400_cit3","first-page":"61","article-title":"Reducing\nthe Environmental Impact of Concrete","volume":"23","author":"Mehta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Concr.\nInt"},{"issue":"22","key":"2026101315074133400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9622","DOI":"10.3390\/su12229622","article-title":"Current Sustainable\nTrends of Using Waste Materials in Concrete\u2500a Decade Review","volume":"12","author":"Sandanayake","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"2026101315074133400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.240","article-title":"A Review\nof Recycled Aggregate in\nConcrete Applications (2000\u20132017)","volume":"172","author":"Tam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Constr.\nBuild. 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Tests for Geometrical Properties\nof Aggregates\n- Part 1: determination of Particle Size Distribution - Sieving Method","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026101315074133400_cit25","volume-title":"EN 1097\u20136:2022.\nTests for Mechanical and Physical Properties\nof Aggregates - Part 6: determination of Particle Density and Water\nAbsorption","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315074133400_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11708","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-15882-4","article-title":"Comparing Amorphous Silica, Short-Range-Ordered\nSilicates and Silicic Acid Species by FTIR","volume":"12","author":"Ellerbrock","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"key":"2026101315074133400_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2020.102650","article-title":"Influence of Atmospheric\nPressure Plasma Process Parameters on the Mechanical Behavior of Thermoplastic\nJoints","volume":"102","author":"Moroni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Adhes. Adhes"},{"key":"2026101315074133400_cit28","volume-title":"EN 1766:2000. Products\nand Systems for the Protection and Repair\nof Concrete Structures \u2013 Test Methods \u2013 Reference Concretes\nfor Testing","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026101315074133400_cit29","volume-title":"EN 12390\u20137:2019, Testing Hardened Concrete\u2013Part 7:\ndensity of Hardened Concrete","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026101315074133400_cit30","volume-title":"ASTM C642\u201306. Standard Test Method for Density,\nAbsorption,\nand Voids in Hardened Concrete, Annual Book of ASTM Standards","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026101315074133400_cit31","volume-title":"EN 12350\u20132:2019. Testing Fresh Concrete\u2013Part\n2: Slump\nTest","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026101315074133400_cit32","volume-title":"EN 12350\u20136:2019, Testing Fresh Concrete\u2013Part 6: density","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026101315074133400_cit33","volume-title":"ASTM\nC1585\u201313. Standard Test Method for Measurement of Rate\nof Absorption of Water by Hydraulic-Cement Concretes, Annual Book\nof ASTM Standards","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026101315074133400_cit34","volume-title":"EN 12390\u20138:2019. Testing\nHardened Concrete \u2013 Part 8:\ndepth of Penetration of Water under Pressure","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026101315074133400_cit35","volume-title":"EN 12390\u201316:2019. Testing\nHardened Concrete - Part 16: determination\nof the Shrinkage of Concrete","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026101315074133400_cit36","volume-title":"EN 12390\u20133:2019. Testing Hardened Concrete\u2013Part\n3:\ncompressive Strength of Test Specimens","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026101315074133400_cit37","volume-title":"EN 12390\u20136:2009, Testing Hardened Concrete\u2013Part\n6:\ntensile Splitting Strength of Test Specimens","year":"2009"},{"key":"2026101315074133400_cit38","volume-title":"JCI-S-001\u20132003. Method\nof Test for Fracture Energy of Concrete\nby Use of Notched Beam","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026101315074133400_cit39","volume-title":"EN 12390\u201313:2021 Testing Hardened Concrete - Part 13: determination\nof Secant Modulus of Elasticity in Compression","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026101315074133400_cit40","volume-title":"Properties of Concrete","author":"Neville","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026101315074133400_cit41","volume-title":"Instruccio\u0301n\nde Hormigo\u0301n Estructural (EHE-08)","author":"de Fomento","year":"2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315074133400_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2012.05.019","article-title":"Influence of Recycled Aggregates\nContaining Sulphur on Properties of Recycled Aggregate Mortar and\nConcrete","volume":"45","author":"Thomas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Composites, Part B"},{"key":"2026101315074133400_cit43","volume-title":"EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 Sustainability of Construction\nWorks - Environmental\nProduct Declarations - Core Rules for the Product Category of Construction\nProducts","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026101315074133400_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.117869","article-title":"Functions and Impacts of Plastic\/Rubber\nWastes as Eco-Friendly Aggregate in Concrete \u2013 A Review","volume":"240","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater"},{"key":"2026101315074133400_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-13798-3.00008-5","article-title":"Improving the Adhesion between Recycled Plastic Aggregates\nand the Cement Matrix","volume-title":"Reuse of Plastic\nWaste in Eco-Efficient Concrete","author":"Al-Mansour","year":"2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101315074133400_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6721","DOI":"10.1002\/suco.202200949","article-title":"Combined Effects\nof Biochar and Recycled Plastic Aggregates\non Mechanical Behavior of Concrete","volume":"24","author":"Sirico","year":"2023","journal-title":"Struct.\nConcr"},{"key":"2026101315074133400_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2021.05.603","article-title":"Influence of Plastic Waste on the\nPerformance of Mortar and Concrete: A Review","volume":"47","author":"Rathore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Today Proc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101315074133400_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.4236\/msa.2023.144015","article-title":"Study of\nthe Effect\nof Plastic Aggregates on Drying Shrinkage and Expansion of Concrete","volume":"14","author":"Arnaud","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Appl"},{"key":"2026101315074133400_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1680\/scc.31777.0018","article-title":"Investigation\nof the Use of\nWaste Plastic as an Aggregate for Lightweight Concrete.","volume-title":"Challenges of Concrete Construction","author":"Koide","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026101315074133400_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2014.08.026","article-title":"Incorporation of Fine Plastic Aggregates\nin Rendering Mortars","volume":"71","author":"Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101315074133400_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst12070944","article-title":"A Step towards\nSustainable Concrete\nwith Substitution of Plastic Waste in Concrete: Overview on Mechanical,\nDurability and Microstructure Analysis","volume":"12","author":"Ahmad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crystals"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101315074133400_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s41024-024-00465-9","article-title":"Reinventing\nConcrete:\nA Comprehensive Review of Mechanical Strength with Recycled Plastic\nWaste Integration","volume":"9","author":"Khaleel","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Build. Pathol. Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315074133400_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.65115\/239bw534","article-title":"Influence of Replacing\nAggregates by Recycled Waste\nPlastic on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete: A Review","volume":"3","author":"Hassan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Samarra J. Eng. Sci. Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101315074133400_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2968","DOI":"10.1002\/suco.202300615","article-title":"Environmental and Mechanical\nAnalysis of Low-Carbon Concrete with Vitrified MSW Incineration Bottom\nAsh as Cement Replacement","volume":"25","author":"Sirico","year":"2024","journal-title":"Struct. 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