{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:58:32Z","timestamp":1791302312896,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"39","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005667","name":"Funda??o de Amparo ? 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To address this, BNC-based biocomposites containing cation-substituted hydroxyapatite (at varying concentrations of Mg2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, or Sr2+) were synthesized and bioactivated in simulated body fluid (SBF). These materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy\/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM\/EDS), Fourier transform infrared\/attenuated total reflectance (FTIR\/ATR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and in vitro cytotoxicity assays. The most promising compositions were further evaluated for osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) adhesion and enzymatic biodegradation. SEM confirmed the uniform distribution of HAp crystals across the BNC network, while TGA revealed a high residual mass (51.9\u201365.6%), indicating effective HAp incorporation. Cytotoxicity results showed that the BNC\/ZnHAp 1% and BNC\/SrHAp 1% samples maintained cellular metabolic activity at approximately 90%, indicating biocompatibility. Additionally, these biocomposites promoted superior cell proliferation compared to the nonsubstituted BNC\/HAp control at all time points. Overall, the incorporation of selected cations enhanced the biological performance of BNC\/HAp biocomposites, suggesting their suitability for further investigation in bone tissue repair and implantable biomedical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c04779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T13:02:13Z","timestamp":1789995733000},"page":"59131-59146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synthesis and Cytocompatibility\nof Bacterial Nanocellulose\u2013Hydroxyapatite\nBiocomposites with Mg, Cu, Zn, and Sr Substitution"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6899-1264","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michele C.","family":"Formolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Joinville Region , , ,","place":["Joinville, Brazil, 89219-710"]},{"name":"University of the Joinville Region , , ,","place":["Joinville, Brazil, 89219-710"]},{"name":"Federal University of Santa Catarina , , ,","place":["Floriano\u0301polis, Brazil, 88040-900"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8998-1850","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bruna","family":"Segat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Joinville Region , , ,","place":["Joinville, Brazil, 89219-710"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro R. K.","family":"Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Joinville Region , , ,","place":["Joinville, Brazil, 89219-710"]},{"name":"University of the Joinville Region , , ,","place":["Joinville, Brazil, 89219-710"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Cesca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Santa Catarina , , ,","place":["Floriano\u0301polis, Brazil, 88040-900"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea L. dos S.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Joinville Region , , ,","place":["Joinville, Brazil, 89219-710"]},{"name":"University of the Joinville Region , , ,","place":["Joinville, Brazil, 89219-710"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana P. 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