{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T12:13:13Z","timestamp":1788437593461,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"34","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002842","name":"Chiang Mai University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["788\/2567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["788\/2567"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002842","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002842","name":"Chiang Mai University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["847\/2566"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["847\/2566"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002842","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004704","name":"National Research Council of Thailand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N42A690459"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42A690459"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007858","name":"Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010790","name":"Erasmus+","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010790","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mitigating the adverse effects of humidity on the sensing performance of one-dimensional (1D) metal oxide semiconductors has been a key challenge in gas sensor development. This study investigated the humidity-enhanced effect of gold (Au) nanoparticles on the ethanol response of 1D ZnO nanostructures. ZnO nanowires were grown using a thermal evaporation\u2013condensation method with Au-catalyzed growth kinetics for the fabrication of conductometric chemical sensors. Au nanoparticles were then additionally decorated on ZnO nanostructures by sputtering with varying times from 2 to 10 s. Structural examinations demonstrated Au nanoparticles with diverse diameters (10\u201370 nm) widely distributed on ZnO nanowires exhibiting lengths of 0.1\u20131 \u03bcm and diameters of 10\u201330 nm. All fabricated sensors were systematically evaluated toward NO2, NH3, C3H6O, CO, and C2H5OH at 250\u2013400 \u00b0C under dry and humid conditions. ZnO nanowires functionalized with Au for 5 s were found to exhibit the highest response of 93.75 to 70 ppm of C2H5OH, which was significantly greater than that of the pristine ZnO nanowire sensor (1.86) at 50% relative humidity (RH) and the optimum sensing temperature of 350 \u00b0C. Interestingly, the optimally Au-decorated ZnO nanowire sensor showed humidity-enhanced behaviors with significantly boosted ethanol responses at 50% RH. In addition, the optimal sensor displayed a low theoretical limit of detections (3.7 ppb) and high C2H5OH selectivity against interfering gases, including NO2, NH3, C3H6O, and CO. The observed ethanol response improvement and humidity-enhanced effect might be ascribed to the attributes of ohmic metal\u2013semiconductor junctions formed at Au\u2013ZnO interfaces and the capabilities of very fine sputtered Au nanoparticles to enhance oxygen chemisorption and suppress the formation of surface hydroxyl and hydronium species on ZnO nanowires. According to the results, Au-decorated ZnO nanowires fabricated by evaporation\u2013condensation and sputtering could be potential candidates for use as practical C2H5OH sensors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c04802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T03:02:09Z","timestamp":1787108529000},"page":"51388-51403","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Humidity-Enhanced Effects of Sputtered Au Nanoparticles\non the Ethanol Sensing Performance of Thermally Evaporated ZnO Nanowires"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Suparat","family":"Singkammo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Synchrotron Light Research Institute , 111 University Avenue, Suranaree, Muang , ,","place":["Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, 30000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anurat","family":"Wisitsoraat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) , , Khlong Luang , ,","place":["Pathum Thani, Thailand, 12120"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Sberveglieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universita\u0300 degli Studi di Brescia , , Via Branze 38 , ,","place":["Brescia, Italy, 25123"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Ponzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universita\u0300 degli Studi di Brescia , , Via Branze 45 , ,","place":["Brescia, Italy, 25123"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Zappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universita\u0300 degli Studi di Brescia , , Via Branze 38 , ,","place":["Brescia, Italy, 25123"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2559-5197","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Comini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universita\u0300 degli Studi di Brescia , , Via Branze 38 , ,","place":["Brescia, Italy, 25123"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5788-8918","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chaikarn","family":"Liewhiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chiang Mai University , , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0537-0097","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matawee","family":"Punginsang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chiang Mai University , , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200"]},{"name":"Chiang Mai University , , ,","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"2026090307182051400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2016.06.145","article-title":"Detection\nof hazardous volatile organic\ncompounds (VOCs) by metal oxide nanostructures-based gas sensors:\nA review","volume":"42","author":"Mirzaei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.materresbull.2023.112457","article-title":"Advances in the development of MOS-based\nsensors for detection of ethanol: A review","volume":"168","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Bull."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090307182051400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2020.10.111","article-title":"Low concentration\nethanol sensor\nbased on graphene\/ZnO nanowires","volume":"47","author":"Rafiee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S495493","article-title":"Alcohol in\nDaily Products: Health Risks, Cultural Considerations, and Economic\nImpacts","volume":"18","author":"Herdiana","year":"2025","journal-title":"Risk Manage. Healthcare Policy"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090307182051400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2004.08.007","article-title":"Bioelectronic\nsniffers for ethanol and acetaldehyde in breath air after drinking","volume":"20","author":"Mitsubayashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mssp.2020.105172","article-title":"Effect\nof Ag on the ZnO nanoparticles properties as an ethanol vapor sensor","volume":"117","author":"Yousefi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026090307182051400_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22186819","article-title":"Review\nof Ethanol Intoxication Sensing\nTechnologies and Techniques","volume":"22","author":"Paprocki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit8","first-page":"63","article-title":"Fatal traffic\ncrashes involving drinking\ndrivers: what have we learned?","volume":"53","author":"Fell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Adv. Automot.\nMed."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307182051400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14402-3","article-title":"Evaluating\nthe effect of drunk driving on fatal injuries among vulnerable road\nusers in Taiwan: a population-based study","volume":"22","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC\nPublic Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307182051400_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-34313-6","article-title":"In-vehicle wireless\ndriver breath\nalcohol detection system using a microheater integrated gas sensor\nbased on Sn-doped CuO nanostructures","volume":"13","author":"Ansari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.127523","article-title":"Improving ethanol sensing characteristics of indium\noxide thin films by nitrogen incorporation","volume":"305","author":"Shihabudeen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307182051400_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2670(99)00135-X","article-title":"Determination of\nbreath alcohol using\na differential-type amperometric biosensor based on alcohol dehydrogenase","volume":"390","author":"Park","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.128952","article-title":"Highly sensitive\nsensor based on\nordered porous ZnO nanosheets for ethanol detecting application","volume":"326","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2023.112360","article-title":"Recent progress in\nchemiresistive\ngas sensors with 1D nanostructured sensing materials: Insights into\nthe structure-morphology-performance relationship","volume":"234","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.202100271","article-title":"1D Metal Oxide Semiconductor\nMaterials\nfor Chemiresistive Gas Sensors: A Review","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv.\nElectron. Mater."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026090307182051400_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6326","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.0c00701","article-title":"One-Dimensional\nNanostructured Oxide\nChemoresistive Sensors","volume":"36","author":"Kaur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026090307182051400_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-7021(10)70126-7","article-title":"Metal oxide nanowires as chemical sensors","volume":"13","author":"Comini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090307182051400_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eng2.12604","article-title":"Metal oxide\nsemiconductors\nfor gas sensing","volume":"5","author":"Goel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eng. Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090307182051400_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11082150","article-title":"Recent Progress on\nZnO Nanowires Cold Cathode and Its Applications","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026090307182051400_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.202100303","article-title":"Zinc Oxide-Based Acetone\nGas Sensors for Breath Analysis: A Review","volume":"16","author":"Drmosh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem.\n- Asian J."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026090307182051400_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13071258","article-title":"Laser-Induced Au Catalyst\nGeneration for Tailored ZnO Nanostructure Growth","volume":"13","author":"Durbach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2012.11.044","article-title":"Preferential\ngrowth of long ZnO nanowires and its application in gas sensor","volume":"177","author":"Gu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2014.04.010","article-title":"High-performance gas sensor based on ZnO nanowires functionalized\nby Au nanoparticles","volume":"199","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090307182051400_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2007.09.099","article-title":"Ethanol sensor based\non ZnO and Au-doped ZnO nanowires","volume":"34","author":"Hongsith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090307182051400_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3432","DOI":"10.1039\/C0JM01495H","article-title":"Vertical ZnO nanowires\/graphene\nhybrids for transparent and flexible field emission","volume":"21","author":"Hwang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2016.11.376","article-title":"NiO\/ZnO Nanowire-heterostructures\nby Vapor Phase Growth for Gas Sensing","volume":"168","author":"Kaur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Procedia\nEng."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307182051400_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1556-276X-9-70","article-title":"Field emission\ncharacteristics of zinc oxide nanowires\nsynthesized by vapor-solid process","volume":"9","author":"Kuo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nanoscale\nRes. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307182051400_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11010233","article-title":"Au\/CdS Core-Shell Sensitized Actinomorphic\nFlower-Like ZnO Nanorods for Enhanced Photocatalytic Water Splitting\nPerformance","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090307182051400_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10101940","article-title":"One Dimensional\nZnO Nanostructures: Growth and Chemical Sensing Performances","volume":"10","author":"Moumen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"issue":"14","key":"2026090307182051400_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrysgro.2010.03.035","article-title":"Tip-growth\nmode and base-growth mode\nof Au-catalyzed zinc oxide nanowires using chemical vapor deposition\ntechnique","volume":"312","author":"Pung","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cryst. Growth"},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2012.11.079","article-title":"Ethanol\nsensing properties of pure and Au modified ZnO nanowires","volume":"187","author":"Ramgir","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tubtimtae, A.; Choopun, S.; Gardchareon, A.; Mangkomtong, P.; Mangkorntong, N.\n          Ethanol Sensor\nBased on\nAu-doped ZnO Nanostructures, In 2007 2ndIEEE International\nConference on Nano\/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems; 2007; pp 207\u201321010.1109\/NEMS.2007.352263.","DOI":"10.1109\/NEMS.2007.352263"},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23010365","article-title":"Sensitivity Enhancement of Resistive\nEthanol Gas Sensor by Optimized Sputtered-Assisted CuO Decoration\nof ZnO Nanorods","volume":"23","author":"Madvar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307182051400_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9720973","article-title":"Mesoporous SnO2 Nanowires: Synthesis and Ethanol Sensing\nProperties","volume":"2017","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Condens. Matter Phys."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090307182051400_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cap.2011.04.007","article-title":"SnO2 nanowires mixed nanodendrites for high\nethanol sensor response","volume":"11","author":"Phadungdhitidhada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Appl. Phys."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026090307182051400_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7283","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c10981","article-title":"SnO2\/MWCNTs Nanostructured Material for\nHigh-Performance Acetone and Ethanol Gas Sensors","volume":"10","author":"Aleksanyan","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307182051400_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2011.03.033","article-title":"Highly efficient rapid ethanol sensing based on Co-doped\nIn2O3 nanowires","volume":"85","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2019.04.009","article-title":"A nest-like TiO2 nanostructures\nfor excellent performance ethanol sensor","volume":"248","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater.\nLett."},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2017.01.245","article-title":"Cr2O3 nanoparticle-functionalized WO3 nanorods for ethanol gas sensors","volume":"432","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Surf.\nSci."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090307182051400_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e27740","article-title":"Innovations in WO3 gas sensors: Nanostructure engineering, functionalization,\nand future perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2021.113090","article-title":"Preparation of composite SnO2\/CuO nanotubes by electrospinning\nand excellent gas selectivity\nto ethanol","volume":"332","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, A"},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2024.135979","article-title":"Bifunctional\nCuO nanostructured materials preparation for ethanol gas and riboflavin\nsensing applications","volume":"415","author":"Ahmad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2018.02.042","article-title":"Branch-like\nNiO\/ZnO heterostructures\nfor VOC sensing","volume":"262","author":"Kaur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24237450","article-title":"Construction\nof Electrospun ZnO-NiO Nanofibers for Enhanced Ethanol Gas Sensing","volume":"24","author":"Bonyani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026090307182051400_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20195602","article-title":"New Insights towards High-Temperature Ethanol-Sensing\nMechanism of ZnO-Based Chemiresistors","volume":"20","author":"Piliai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rinp.2017.02.008","article-title":"Ethanol\ngas sensor based upon ZnO\nnanoparticles prepared by different techniques","volume":"7","author":"Bhatia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Results Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307182051400_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.202400246","article-title":"VOC Detection with Zinc Oxide Gas\nSensors: A Review of Fabrication, Performance, and Emerging Applications","volume":"37","author":"Waqas Alam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors10070245","article-title":"Gas Sensor\nBased on ZnO Nanostructured Film for the\nDetection of Ethanol Vapor","volume":"10","author":"Aleksanyan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosensors"},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2022.113578","article-title":"Nanostructured metal\noxide semiconductor-based\ngas sensors: A comprehensive review","volume":"341","author":"Krishna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators,\nA"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307182051400_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors3010001","article-title":"First Fifty\nYears of Chemoresistive Gas Sensors","volume":"3","author":"Neri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosensors"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090307182051400_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2921","DOI":"10.1007\/s42247-024-00766-2","article-title":"Sub-ppm of\ntoxic gases detection on Ag-doped WO3 nanosensor","volume":"7","author":"Al-Sarraj","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emergent Mater."},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2025.181362","article-title":"Review of\nthe role of ruthenium in\nresistive gas sensors","volume":"1034","author":"El-Muraikhi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mssp.2024.108885","article-title":"Highly\nselective adsorption of gases on functionalized spin-polarized dichalcogenide\nalloy","volume":"185","author":"Ayesh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090307182051400_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3318","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TC05283G","article-title":"Insights into\nthe effect of Au particle size on triethylamine sensing properties\nbased on a Au\u2013ZnO nanoflower sensor","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsadv.2024.100623","article-title":"Effect of Au nanoparticles on mitigating\nthe negative impacts of humidity on ZnO gas sensors to detect triethylamine\nat room temperature","volume":"22","author":"Alaghmandfard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2024.135801","article-title":"Moisture\nreaction mechanism of Au-modified SnO2 ultrathin\nnanosheets with exclusive detection of formaldehyde","volume":"412","author":"Ou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"issue":"24","key":"2026090307182051400_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15248728","article-title":"Recent Progress on Anti-Humidity\nStrategies of Chemiresistive Gas\nSensors","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Materials"},{"issue":"33","key":"2026090307182051400_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20273","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA02282D","article-title":"Gold\u2013tin\nco-sensitized ZnO layered porous nanocrystals: enhanced responses\nand anti-humidity","volume":"7","author":"Yao","year":"2017","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090307182051400_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5863","DOI":"10.1021\/am509082w","article-title":"Effect of\nWater Vapor on Pd-Loaded SnO2 Nanoparticles Gas Sensor","volume":"7","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2020.148551","article-title":"Gas sensing\nbehavior of ZnO toward\nH2 at temperatures below 300\u00b0C and its dependence\non humidity and Pt-decoration","volume":"541","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.12.023","article-title":"Ethanol sensing\nwith Au-modified ZnO microwires","volume":"227","author":"Zou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators,\nB"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090307182051400_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings10100945","article-title":"Au Doping ZnO Nanosheets\nSensing Properties of Ethanol\nGas Prepared on MEMS Device","volume":"10","author":"Nagarjuna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Coatings"},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.08.138","article-title":"In-situ generation\nof highly dispersed Au nanoparticles on porous ZnO nanoplates via\nion exchange from hydrozincite for VOCs gas sensing","volume":"255","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2025.138521","article-title":"Realizing\nfast response speed and enhanced selectivity for ethanol gas sensors\nwith Au modified NiO\/ZnO heterostructures","volume":"444","author":"Wan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sens.\nActuators, B"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090307182051400_cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.4c02091","article-title":"Highly\nSensitive Ethanol Gas Sensors of Au Nanoparticle-Adsorbed ZnO Nanorod\nArrays via a Photochemical Deposition Treatment","volume":"7","author":"Chu","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Electron. Mater."},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2021.151262","article-title":"Selective\nH2S gas sensors based on ohmic hetero-interface of Au-functionalized\nWO3 nanowires","volume":"571","author":"Punginsang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307182051400_cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2008.06.003","article-title":"Quasi-one\ndimensional metal oxide semiconductors: Preparation,\ncharacterization and application as chemical sensors","volume":"54","author":"Comini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307182051400_cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-020-3273-7","article-title":"Nanoscale Au-ZnO Heterostructure\nDeveloped by Atomic Layer Deposition Towards Amperometric H2O2 Detection","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2017.04.123","article-title":"An emphatic study on role of spill-over\nsensitization and surface defects on NO2 gas sensor properties\nof ultralong ZnO@Au heterojunction NRs","volume":"712","author":"Dinesh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alloys\nCompd."},{"issue":"43","key":"2026090307182051400_cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15362","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201909770","article-title":"Nanoporous Gold Embedded ZIF Composite\nfor Enhanced Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation","volume":"58","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026090307182051400_cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168668","article-title":"Zn Promoted\nMg-Al Mixed Oxides-Supported Gold Nanoclusters for Direct Oxidative\nEsterification of Aldehyde to Ester","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J.\nMol. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026090307182051400_cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.17833","article-title":"Insight into the selective\noxidation mechanism of glycerol to 1,3-dihydroxyacetone over AuCu\u2013ZnO\ninterface","volume":"68","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"AIChE J."},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22176346","article-title":"A Statistical\nAnalysis of Response and Recovery Times: The Case of Ethanol Chemiresistors\nBased on Pure SnO2","volume":"22","author":"Ponzoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307182051400_cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2003.11.051","article-title":"Acceptor-like behavior\nof reducing\ngases on the surface of n-type In2O3","volume":"227","author":"Korotcenkov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026090307182051400_cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2990","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200701191","article-title":"Insight into the Role\nof Oxygen Diffusion in the Sensing Mechanisms of SnO2 Nanowires","volume":"18","author":"Hernandez-Ramirez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.127705","article-title":"Formaldehyde sensor based on FSP-made\nAgOx-doped SnO2 nanoparticulate sensing films","volume":"309","author":"Khamfoo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.128629","article-title":"Preparation\nof Pd\/PdO\nloaded WO3 microspheres for H2S detection","volume":"321","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090307182051400_cit78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cplett.2005.05.107","article-title":"Water\u2013oxygen interplay on\ntin dioxide surface:\nImplication on gas sensing","volume":"410","author":"Koziej","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17051000","article-title":"Metal Oxide Nanowire Preparation\nand Their Integration into Chemical Sensing Devices at the SENSOR\nLab in Brescia","volume":"17","author":"Bertuna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"14","key":"2026090307182051400_cit80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/21\/14\/145502","article-title":"Direct integration\nof metal oxide nanowires into an\neffective gas sensing device","volume":"21","author":"Vomiero","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bios6040060","article-title":"A Novel MOS Nanowire Gas Sensor Device\n(S3) and GC-MS-Based Approach for the Characterization of Grated Parmigiano\nReggiano Cheese","volume":"6","author":"Sberveglieri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit82","unstructured":"Pluchery, O.\n          \n          Gold nanoparticles\nwith molecules make new electronic properties arise. 2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307182051400_cit83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21721-2","article-title":"Role of the Metal-Oxide Work Function on Photocurrent Generation\nin Hybrid Solar Cells","volume":"8","author":"Thu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2020.10.011","article-title":"Characterisation and\nreactivity of oxygen species at the surface\nof metal oxides","volume":"393","author":"Anpo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Catal."},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2012.05.052","article-title":"Flame-spray-made\nmetal-loaded semiconducting metal oxides thick films for flammable\ngas sensing","volume":"171\u2013172","author":"Samerjai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2013.11.034","article-title":"Different morphologies\nof ZnO and their ethanol sensing property","volume":"192","author":"Wei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sens.\nActuators, B"},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mssp.2025.110192","article-title":"Chemiresistive\ngas sensors for trimethylamine detection: A review","volume":"203","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090307182051400_cit88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4765","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.1c00449","article-title":"Superhydrophobic\nZnO Nanowires: Wettability Mechanisms and Functional Applications","volume":"21","author":"Mardosaite\u0307","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"issue":"31","key":"2026090307182051400_cit89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4229","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201601507","article-title":"A New Strategy for Humidity Independent Oxide Chemiresistors:\nDynamic Self-Refreshing of In2O3 Sensing Surface\nAssisted by Layer-by-Layer Coated CeO2 Nanoclusters","volume":"12","author":"Yoon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307182051400_cit90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/crat.202000155","article-title":"Reduction of Humidity\nEffect in WO3 Thin Film-Based NO2 Sensor Using\nPhysiochemical Optimization","volume":"56","author":"Ghosh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cryst. Res. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090307182051400_cit91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2010.09.006","article-title":"A highly sensitive humidity sensor\nbased on DC reactive magnetron sputtered zinc oxide thin film","volume":"164","author":"Kannan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, A"},{"issue":"99","key":"2026090307182051400_cit92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56211","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA10216A","article-title":"Humidity-dependent\npiezoelectric output of Al\u2013ZnO nanowire nanogenerator and its\napplications as a self-powered active humidity sensor","volume":"4","author":"Zang","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.04.086","article-title":"Superior\nhumidity sensor and photodetector of mesoporous ZnO nanosheets at\nroom temperature","volume":"293","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"2026090307182051400_cit94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2021.131347","article-title":"Atomic layer deposition\nof Rh\/ZnO nanostructures for anti-humidity\ndetection of trimethylamine","volume":"355","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators,\nB"},{"issue":"95","key":"2026090307182051400_cit95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53130","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA06654E","article-title":"Rh-catalyzed WO3 with\nanomalous humidity\ndependence of gas sensing characteristics","volume":"4","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC\nAdv."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c04802","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/34\/51388\/66855837\/acsomega.6c04802.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/34\/51388\/66855837\/acsomega.6c04802.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:18:29Z","timestamp":1788434309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/34\/51388\/5275817\/Humidity-Enhanced-Effects-of-Sputtered-Au"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"34","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c04802","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]}}}