{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T18:25:55Z","timestamp":1787077555518,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A new multipurpose rectification tower was tested. Made of stainless steel, this two-section piece of equipment is filled with Raschig rings. It can be used to study vapor\u2013liquid equilibrium (VLE) and determine and verify azeotropes in mixtures, as well as the vapor pressures of pure substances. The tower was designed to enable both external recirculation of the phases and internal countercurrent circulation, generating intimate contact between nonmiscible phases. Due to the material it is made of, it can be operated at pressures other than atmospheric pressure. The degradation of the fluids\u2019 quality can also be prevented. Experimental data obtained at 101, 300, 500, and 700 kPa using ethanol and water mixtures were verified by consulting bibliographic sources and applying the point-to-point test of Fredenslund et al. The reorganized errors observed when applying the point-to-point test suggested developing a new verification routine using the differential form of the Gibbs\u2013Duhem equation. This new VLE validation procedure was tested using bibliographic data and was found to be more restrictive than the point-to-point test.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c04827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T12:02:13Z","timestamp":1785931333000},"page":"48295-48312","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Novel Equipment\nfor VLE Studies: Ethanol and Water\nSystem at Moderate Pressures and Data Verification with a Direct Point-to-Point\nTest"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6719-3084","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pedro","family":"Susial Badajoz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (iUNAT) , , , ,","place":["Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain, 35017"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel Garcia","family":"Montesdeoca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (iUNAT) , , , ,","place":["Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain, 35017"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dunia E.","family":"Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (iUNAT) , , , ,","place":["Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain, 35017"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit1","first-page":"252","volume-title":"Vapour-liquid equilibrium","author":"Hala","year":"1967","edition":"2nd"},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1252\/kakoronbunshu1953.33.769","article-title":"Measurements of Isobaric\nBoiling Point Curves at High and Low Pressures","volume":"33","author":"Kojima","year":"1969","journal-title":"Chem. Eng."},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit3","first-page":"243","article-title":"Isobaric Vapor\u2013Liquid\nEquilibrium. III Development and Testing of a Small Capacity Equilibrium\nStill","volume":"79","author":"de\u2013Afonso","year":"1983","journal-title":"An. Qui\u0301m. de la RSEQ"},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit4","volume-title":"Phase\nEquilibria: Measurement and Computation","author":"Mu\u0308hlbauer","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3812(02)00096-1","article-title":"High\u2013pressure\nfluid phase equilibria Experimental methods\nand systems investigated (1994\u20131999)","volume":"202","author":"Christov","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fluid Phase Equilib."},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fluid.2009.08.008","article-title":"High\u2013pressure\nfluid\u2013phase\nequilibria: Experimental methods and systems investigated (2000\u20132004)","volume":"288","author":"Dohrn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fluid Phase Equilib."},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit7","first-page":"55","article-title":"Effect of pressure\non vapor\u2013liquid equilibria for the system ethyl alcohol\u2013water","volume-title":"Chemical Engineering Progress Symposium Series","author":"Otsuki","year":"1953"},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01439194","article-title":"Design of a High\u2013Pressure Ebulliometer, with\nVapor\u2013Liquid Equilibrium Results for the Systems CHF2Cl+CF3\u2013CH3 and CF3\u2013CH2F+CH2F2","volume":"17","author":"Weber","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int.\nJ. 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Chem. Eng. Jpn."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081811123039600_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1252\/jcej.10we176","article-title":"Vapor Pressure and VLE Data Measurements on Ethyl Acetate\/Ethanol\nBinary System at 0.1, 0.5, and 0.7 MPa","volume":"44","author":"Susial","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Chem.\nEng. Jpn."},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.30492\/IJCCE.2022.556040.5393","article-title":"Evolution\nand testing of a metallic ebulliometer for VLE determination","volume":"42","author":"Susial\u2013badajoz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.55815\/408189","article-title":"Experimental\nVLE Data of Binary Systems\nof Ester+Alcohol at 0.6 MPa. Verification using new Association Parameters\nfor the Point\u2013to\u2013Point Test","volume":"79","author":"Susial\u2013badajoz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Afinidad"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081811123039600_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jced.1c00902","article-title":"High Pressure Vapor\u2013Liquid Equilibria of n -Heptane\nwith Ethanol, 1-Propanol, 2-Propanol, and 1-Butanol at 1.5 MPa: Experimental\nData of Binary Systems and Perturbed Chain\u2013Statistical Associating\nFluid Theory Model Predictions","volume":"67","author":"Susial Badajoz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Chem. Eng.\nData"},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit17","volume-title":"Vapor\u2013Liquid Equilibrium Data\nCollection","author":"Gmehling","year":"1991"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081811123039600_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1021\/ie50495a038","article-title":"Composition\nof Vapors from Boiling Binary Solutions - Recirculation-type Still\nand Equilibria under Pressure for Ethyl Alcohol-Water System","volume":"43","author":"Othmer","year":"1951","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081811123039600_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jced.0c00686","article-title":"High-Pressure Phase Equilibria in an Ethanol\/Water\nBinary System: Experimental Data and Modeling","volume":"66","author":"Susial Badajoz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Chem. Eng. 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Chem. Liq."},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jct.2008.01.002","article-title":"Isobaric (vapour+liquid+liquid)\nequilibrium data for (di\u2013n\u2013propyl ether+n\u2013propyl\nalcohol+water) and (diisopropyl ether+isopropyl alcohol+water) systems\nat 100 kPa","volume":"40","author":"Lladosa","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Chem. Thermodyn."},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3812(02)00171-1","article-title":"A thermodynamic study\non binary and ternary mixtures of acetonitrile, water and butyl acetate","volume":"203","author":"Acosta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fluid Phase Equilib."},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1252\/jcej.9.276","article-title":"Excess Gibss Free Energies\nand Heats\nof Mixing for Binary Alcoholic Liquid Mixtures","volume":"9","author":"Nagata","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Chem. Eng. Jpn."},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1021\/je00020a063","article-title":"Isobaric Vapor\u2013Liquid\nEquilibria of Methanol+1\u2013Octanol and Ethanol+1\u2013Octanol\nMixtures","volume":"40","author":"Arce","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Chem. Eng. 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Thermodyn."},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1021\/je00011a031","article-title":"Isobaric Vapor\u2013Liquid Equilibria\nfor Methanol+Ethanol+Water and three constituent binary systems","volume":"38","author":"Kurihara","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Chem. Eng. Data"},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1021\/ie50272a011","article-title":"Studies in Distillation","volume":"24","author":"Carey","year":"1932","journal-title":"Ind.\nEng. 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(Kiev)"},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit37","first-page":"149","article-title":"Study of Liquid\u2013Vapour Equilibrium\nin the System Ethanol\u2013Water with Various Pressures","volume":"3","author":"Stabnikov","year":"1972","journal-title":"Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Pishch. Tekhnol."},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1021\/i260055a003","article-title":"A Generalised\nMethod for Predicting Second Virial Coefficients","volume":"14","author":"Hayden","year":"1975","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev."},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690120119","article-title":"A Generalized Equation\nfor Computer Calculation of\nLiquid Densities","volume":"12","author":"Yen","year":"1966","journal-title":"AIChE J."},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1021\/ie50458a036","article-title":"Algebraic Representation\nof Thermodynamic Properties\nand Classification of Solutions","volume":"40","author":"Redlich","year":"1948","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit41","first-page":"457","article-title":"Tests\nfor the Consistency of Experimental Isobaric Vapor\u2013Liquid Equilibrium\nData","volume":"37","author":"Herington","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Inst. Petrol."},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1021\/ie00019a030","article-title":"A New Test\nfor the T.hermodynamic Consistency of Vapor\u2013Liquid Equilibrium","volume":"32","author":"Wisniak","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690190206","article-title":"Vapor\u2013Liquid\nEquilibrium: I. An Appraisal of Data Reduction Methods","volume":"19","author":"Van Ness","year":"1973","journal-title":"AIChE J."},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fluid.2011.06.009","article-title":"Measurements and\nthermodynamic modeling of the ethanol\u2013water system with emphasis\nto the azeotropic region","volume":"308","author":"Voutsas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fluid Phase Equilib."},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fluid.2012.11.026","article-title":"Isothermal vapor\u2013liquid\nand vapor\u2013liquid\u2013liquid\nequilibrium for the ternary system ethanol+water+diethyl carbonate\nand constituent binary systems at different temperatures","volume":"339","author":"Arango","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fluid Phase Equilib."},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1071\/CH9530207","article-title":"Determination\nof Activity Coefficients from Total Pressure Measurements","volume":"6","author":"Barker","year":"1953","journal-title":"Aust. J. Chem."},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9614(75)90261-X","article-title":"Thermodynamic\nproperties of aqueous non\u2013electrolites mixtures. I. Excess\nenthalpy for water+ethanol at 298.15 to 383.15 K","volume":"7","author":"Larkin","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Thermodyn."},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690140124","article-title":"Local compositions in thermodynamic excess functions\nfor liquid mixtures","volume":"14","author":"Renon","year":"1968","journal-title":"AIChE J."},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/7.4.308","article-title":"A simplex method for\nfunction minimization","volume":"7","author":"Nelder","year":"1965","journal-title":"Comput. J."},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00932634","article-title":"A Survey of\nMulticriteria Optimization, or the Vector Maximum Problem, part I:\n1776\u20131960","volume":"29","author":"Stadler","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Optim. Theory Appl."},{"key":"2026081811123039600_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00158-005-0557-6","article-title":"Adaptive weighted\nsum method for multiobjective optimization:\nA new method for Pareto front generation","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Struc.\nMultidisc. Optim."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c04827","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/32\/48295\/66404787\/acsomega.6c04827.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/32\/48295\/66404787\/acsomega.6c04827.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T17:36:13Z","timestamp":1787074573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/32\/48295\/5245331\/A-Novel-Equipment-for-VLE-Studies-Ethanol-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"32","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c04827","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]}}}