{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T17:24:24Z","timestamp":1787073864765,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007847","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20240101066JC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240101066JC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019YFC0605402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC0605402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The extreme heterogeneity of pore\u2013fracture systems in deep volcanic reservoirs fundamentally limits the reliable prediction of high-quality productive intervals. Focusing on the Changling Fault Depression, southern Songliao Basin, this study elucidates the composition, origin, and differential evolution of these complex networks. Initially, ten distinct pore\u2013fracture types were identified and genetically classified into two categories: primary pore\u2013fracture types, including vesicles, inherited intragranular pores, phenocryst-hosted resorption pores, and shrinkage fractures; and secondary pore\u2013fracture types, including moldic pores, sieve pores, cavernous pores, intragranular micropores, matrix spongy pores, and tectonic fractures. A comprehensive quantitative evaluation was then conducted based on petrographic observations of 162 core samples and 75 cast thin sections, integrated with lithological characteristics, petrophysical properties, and quantitative areal-porosity analyses (via JMicroVision). This evaluation reveals a pronounced lithological control on pore\u2013fracture assemblage evolution. Specifically, lava reservoirs are dominated by preserved primary porosity (primary-to-secondary ratio of \u223c2.2:1), whereas volcaniclastic lavas exhibit a transitional mixed assemblage (\u223c1.0:1). Conversely, volcaniclastic reservoirs are pervasively modified by diagenesis, dominated by secondary dissolution porosity (primary-to-secondary ratio of \u223c1:2.0). These architectural differences directly dictate reservoir quality, enabling a tripartite quantitative classification: Class I reservoirs (porosity &amp;gt;7.0%, permeability &amp;gt;1.0 \u00d7 10\u20133 \u03bcm2) are driven by well-connected vesicles and fractures; Class II reservoirs (5.0% &amp;lt; porosity \u2264 7.0% and 0.1 \u00d7 10\u20133 \u03bcm2 &amp;lt; permeability \u2264 1.0 \u00d7 10\u20133 \u03bcm2) are characterized by primary\u2013dissolution superimposed networks; and Class III reservoirs (porosity \u2264 5.0% and permeability \u2264 0.1 \u00d7 10\u20133 \u03bcm2) are constrained by isolated secondary pores or late-stage cementation. Spatially, reservoir evolution is highly compartmentalized. Rhyolites in the Darhan and Jubaoshan areas rely predominantly on primary preservation coupled with overprinted dissolution or fracture-assisted pore\u2013fracture connectivity. Conversely, tuffaceous reservoirs record progressive dissolution enhancement in the Chaganhua subdepression but experience early cementation followed by late-stage dissolution reactivation in the Longfengshan area. Ultimately, effective volcanic reservoirs are governed by the synergistic coupling of primary pore preservation, dissolution-driven porosity enhancement, and structural fracturing. This study provides a quantitative geological basis for evaluating favorable volcanic reservoir intervals, offering a useful reference for analogous complex volcanic plays worldwide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c05483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T14:34:01Z","timestamp":1785854041000},"page":"48497-48514","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantitative Characterization\nand Differential Evolution\nof Pore\u2013Fracture Systems in Volcanic Reservoirs of the Changling\nFault Depression, Songliao Basin"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Haochen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130061"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youfeng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130061"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SINOPEC Northeast Oil & Gas Branch Company , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130062"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huafeng","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130061"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinglei","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SINOPEC Northeast Oil & Gas Branch Company , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130062"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinghua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130061"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiashun","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130061"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziqiang","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130061"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University , , ,","place":["Changchun, China, 130061"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1144\/GSL.SP.2003.214.01.02","article-title":"Hydrocarbon\nOccurrence and Exploration in and around Igneous Rocks","volume":"214","author":"Schutter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.008","article-title":"Volcanic\nRocks as Prolific Gas Reservoir: A Case Study from the Qingshen Gas\nField in the Songliao Basin, NE China","volume":"25","author":"Feng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mar.\nPet. Geol."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2022.104158","article-title":"Review of Volcanic\nReservoir Geology in China","volume":"232","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Earth-Sci. Rev."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.7623\/syxb202508001","article-title":"Breakthroughs and Significances\nof Natural Gas Exploration in Changling\nFault Depression, Songliao Basin","volume":"46","author":"Mu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pet.\nSin."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3799\/dqkx.2025.011","article-title":"Progress\nin Exploration of Volcanic Oil and Gas Reservoirs","volume":"50","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Earth Sci."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3787\/j.issn.1000-0976.2015.08.002","article-title":"Characteristics of Volcanic\nReservoirs and Distribution\nRules of Effective Reservoirs in the Changling Fault Depression, Songliao\nBasin","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Gas Ind."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1000-1441.2018.05.017","article-title":"Intermediate-basic\nvolcanic stratigraphy, structure, and reservoirs: A comparative study\nof buried paleovolcanoes in the Songliao Basin and modern volcanoes\nin the Changbai Mountains","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pet. Geophys. Explor."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/S1876-3804(23)60431-8","article-title":"Subaqueous Volcanic\nEruptive Facies, Facies Model and Its Reservoir Significance in a\nContinental Lacustrine Basin: A Case from the Cretaceous in Chaganhua\nArea of Southern Songliao Basin, NE China","volume":"50","author":"Shan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pet.\nExplor. Dev."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit9","first-page":"745","article-title":"Tectonic Fractures and\nStress Field of Volcanic Rocks in Chaganhua Sub-Sag, Songliao Basin","volume":"55","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Jilin Univ., Earth Sci. Ed."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081811125977700_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-0273(03)00039-8","article-title":"Permeability, and\nFluid Flow in the Yellowstone Geothermal System, Wyoming","volume":"123","author":"Dobson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1306\/08290605173","article-title":"Processes\nControlling Porosity and Permeability in\nVolcanic Reservoirs from the Austral and Neuquen Basins, Argentina","volume":"91","author":"Sruoga","year":"2007","journal-title":"AAPG Bull."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1144\/SP547-2023-102","article-title":"Lava Flow-Hosted Reservoirs: A Review","volume":"547","author":"Millett","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geol. Soc. London, Spec.\nPubl."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081811125977700_cit13","first-page":"28","article-title":"Composition\nof Reservoir Space in Volcanic Rocks: A Case Study of the Songliao\nBasin","volume":"31","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Gas Ind."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1306\/09041413095","article-title":"Cretaceous Volcanic\nReservoirs and Their Exploration\nin the Songliao Basin, Northeast China","volume":"99","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"AAPG\nBull."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.petrol.2022.110456","article-title":"Lithologic\nClassification of Pyroclastic Rocks: A Case Study for the Third Member\nof the Huoshiling Formation, Dehui Fault Depression, Songliao Basin,\nNE China","volume":"214","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pet. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoen.2023.211620","article-title":"Pore Structure\nAnalysis and Classification\nof Pyroclastic Reservoirs in the Dehui Fault Depression Based on Experimental\nand Well-Logging Data","volume":"224","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geoenergy Sci. Eng."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpetgeo.2019.06.046","article-title":"Geochemical\nCharacterization and Quantitative Evaluation of Shale Oil Reservoir\nby Two-Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Quantitative Grain\nFluorescence on Extract: A Case Study from the Qingshankou Formation\nin Southern Songliao Basin, Northeast China","volume":"109","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mar. Pet. Geol."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1306\/08031817416","article-title":"Lithofacies and Depositional\nSetting of a Highly Prospective\nLacustrine Shale Oil Succession from the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou\nFormation in the Gulong Sag, Northern Songliao Basin, Northeast China","volume":"103","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"AAPG Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081811125977700_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.7623\/syxb198101004","article-title":"Characteristics\nof Hydrocarbon Generation of Songliao Continental Basin","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Pet. Sin."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit20","first-page":"94","article-title":"Controlling Effect of Fault Activity on Hydrocarbon Migration and\nAccumulation in Volcanic Reservoirs of Chaganhua Sub-Depression, Changling\nFault Depression","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Glob. Geol."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit21","first-page":"77","article-title":"Fault Evolution\nCharacteristics and Their Hydrocarbon\nSignificance in the Changling Fault Depression","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Spec. Oil Gas Reservoirs"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081811125977700_cit22","first-page":"16","article-title":"Tectonic\nEvolution and Basin-Forming Dynamics of the\nSongliao Basin","volume":"40","author":"Hu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chin. J. Geol."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit23","first-page":"597","article-title":"Applications of\nSeismic Volcanostratigraphy to the\nVolcanic Rifted Basins of China","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin. J. Geophys."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13278\/j.cnki.jjuese.20250144","article-title":"Characteristics and Genesis of Vesicles in\nRhyolite","volume":"55","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Jilin Univ., Earth Sci. Ed."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit25","first-page":"801","article-title":"Stepwise Identification\nof Favorable Facies Belts and Reservoir \u2018Sweet Spots\u2019\nin Deep Intermediate-Basic Volcanic Rocks of the Songliao Basin","volume":"45","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oil Gas Geol."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit26","first-page":"527","article-title":"Characteristics and Development Patterns\nof Lower Cretaceous Volcanic Reservoirs in the Chaganhua Sub-Depression,\nSouthern Songliao Basin","volume":"42","author":"Leng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glob. Geol."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.13745\/j.esf.sf.2022.10.24","article-title":"Volcanic\nReservoir Characteristics and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Control Factors\nof Rift Depressions in Southern Songliao Basin","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Earth Sci. Front."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit28","first-page":"816","article-title":"Facies\nModel of Neutral Volcanic Rocks on the Steep Slope Belt of Changling\nFault Depression, Songliao Basin and Its Control over Reservoirs","volume":"52","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Jilin Univ., Earth Sci. Ed."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit29","first-page":"399","article-title":"Characteristics and\nMain Controlling Factors of Volcaniclastic Rock Reservoirs: A Case\nStudy of Longfengshan Area in Changling Fault Depression, Southern\nSongliao Basin","volume":"40","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob. Geol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081811125977700_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.11764\/j.issn.1672-1926.2023.09.003","article-title":"Characteristics\nand\nMain Controlling Factors of Volcaniclastic Lava Reservoir of Huoshiling\nFormation in Chaganhua Sub-Sag, Changling Fault Depression of Southern\nSongliao Basin","volume":"35","author":"Zhong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Gas Geosci."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026081811125977700_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.7623\/syxb202012026","article-title":"Review of Volcanic\nReservoir Geology","volume":"41","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Pet. Sin."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit32","first-page":"135","article-title":"Characteristics\nand Evolution of Reservoir Space of Volcanic Rocks in the Yingcheng\nFormation, Changling Fault Depression, Songliao Basin","volume":"26","author":"Zheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Petrol. Sin."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit33","first-page":"1748","article-title":"Main Controlling\nFactors and Genetic Mechanism of High-Quality Volcanic Reservoirs\nin Huoshiling Formation, Longfengshan Area","volume":"47","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Earth Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081811125977700_cit34","first-page":"1251","article-title":"Diagenesis Types,\nCharacteristics and Their Effects on Reservoir Physical Properties\nof Volcanic Rocks in the Yingcheng Formation, Songliao Basin","volume":"37","author":"Gao","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Jilin Univ., Earth Sci. Ed."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit35","first-page":"429","article-title":"Distribution Patterns\nof Volcanic Rocks Based on Magma Accumulation and Conduit Characteristics:\nA Case Study of the Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation in the Changling\nFault Depression, Songliao Basin","volume":"54","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Jilin Univ.,\nEarth Sci. Ed."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit36","first-page":"720","article-title":"Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Natural Fractures in Volcanic\nReservoirs of the Yingcheng Formation in Southern Songliao Basin","volume":"57","author":"Xiangyuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Geol."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit37","first-page":"1846","article-title":"Characteristics\nand Distribution of Fractures in Mesozoic Volcanic Rocks in Southern\nSlope of Laizhou Bay Depression, Bohai Bay Basin","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Jilin Univ., Earth Sci. Ed."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit38","first-page":"1036","article-title":"Influencing Factors\nof Physical Properties and Main Controlling Factors of High-Quality\nReservoirs in Tight Clastic Rocks: A Case Study of the Yingcheng Formation\nin Longfengshan Sub-Depression, Changling Fault Depression, Songliao\nBasin","volume":"33","author":"Qu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Gas Geosci."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4968","DOI":"10.3390\/en16134968","article-title":"Reservoir\nCharacteristics and Development\nModel of Subaqueous Pyroclastic Rocks in a Continental Lacustrine\nBasin: A Case Study of the Chaganhua Sub-Depression in the Changling\nFault Depression, Songliao Basin","volume":"16","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit40","first-page":"195","article-title":"Stochastic Fracture\nSimulation Constrained by Tectonic Stress Field: A Case Study of the\nYingcheng Formation in Shenzijing Sub-Depression, Changling Fault\nDepression, Songliao Basin","volume":"50","author":"Tang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Geotecton. Metallogenia"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081811125977700_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.3390\/min13101351","article-title":"Characteristics and\nControlling Factors of Particle Crushing in Volcaniclastic\nSediments under Compaction: The Quaternary Pyroclastic Deposits of\nHongtu Hill, Changbaishan Area, Northeastern China","volume":"13","author":"Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Minerals"},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1080\/00206814.2026.2624017","article-title":"Development\nMechanism of Dissolution-Type Volcanic Reservoirs in the Shenhu Formation,\nHuizhou Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin: Insights from Geochemical and\nStable Isotope Analyses","volume":"68","author":"Lu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. Geol. Rev."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694906","DOI":"10.3389\/feart.2021.694906","article-title":"Modeling of\nTectonic-Thermal Evolution of Cretaceous Qingshankou\nShale in the Changling Sag, Southern Songliao Basin, NE China","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Earth Sci."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.13809\/j.cnki.cn32-1825\/te.2024.02.003","article-title":"Characteristics and Development Model\nof Subaqueous Volcanic Reservoirs in a Continental Lacustrine Basin:\nA Case Study of Chaganhua Sub-Depression in Changling Fault Depression,\nSongliao Basin","volume":"14","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oil Gas Reserv. Eval. Dev."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.11781\/sysydz202002273","article-title":"Characteristics\nof Source Rocks in Shahezi Formation and Implications for Hydrocarbon\nAccumulation, Changling Fault Depression, Southern Songliao Basin","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pet. Geol. Exp."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1306\/07101514004","article-title":"Feldspar Dissolution, Authigenic Clays, and\nQuartz Cements in Open and Closed Sandstone Geochemical Systems during\nDiagenesis: Typical Examples from Two Sags in Bohai Bay Basin, East\nChina","volume":"99","author":"Yuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"AAPG Bull."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2019.02.004","article-title":"A Review of Feldspar Alteration and Its\nGeological Significance in Sedimentary Basins: From Shallow Aquifers\nto Deep Hydrocarbon Reservoirs","volume":"191","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Earth-Sci. Rev."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.7623\/syxb201402007","article-title":"Volcanic Alteration\nProducts of Oil and Gas Reservoirs and Their Impact on Reservoir Space\u2500A\nCase Study of the Lower Permian in the Ke-Xia Area of the Junggar\nBasin","volume":"35","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Pet. Sin."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit49","first-page":"77","article-title":"Alteration of Volcanics\nand Its Controlling Factors in the Lower Permian Reservoirs at the\nNorthwestern Margin of the Junggar Basin","volume":"35","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oil\nGas Geol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081811125977700_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s12517-015-2201-0","article-title":"Authigenic\nMinerals and Diagenetic Evolution in Altered Volcanic Materials and\nTheir Impacts on Hydrocarbon Reservoirs: Evidence from the Lower Permian\nin the Northwestern Margin of Junggar Basin, China","volume":"9","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arab. J. Geosci."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2017.04.086","article-title":"Pore Connectivity\nand Tracer Migration of Typical Shales in South China","volume":"203","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpetgeo.2019.104101","article-title":"Multiscale Connectivity\nCharacterization of Marine Shales in Southern\nChina by Fluid Intrusion, Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS), and\nFIB-SEM","volume":"112","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mar. Pet. Geol."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpetgeo.2023.106495","article-title":"The Importance of Pore-Fracture\nConnectivity in Overmature Marine Shale for Methane Occurrence and\nTransportation","volume":"157","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mar. Pet. Geol."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.46690\/ager.2024.06.01","article-title":"Pore Network Characterization and\nFluid Occurrence of Shale Reservoirs: State-of-the-Art and Future\nPerspectives","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Geo-Energy Res."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1306\/08250505059","article-title":"A Scale-Independent\nApproach to Fracture\nIntensity and Average Spacing Measurement","volume":"90","author":"Ortega","year":"2006","journal-title":"AAPG\nBull."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2138\/rmg.2015.80.04","article-title":"Characterization and Analysis of Porosity and Pore\nStructures","volume":"80","author":"Anovitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Mineral Geochem."},{"key":"2026081811125977700_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2013.04.003","article-title":"High-Resolution\nX-ray Computed Tomography in Geosciences:\nA Review of the Current Technology and Applications","volume":"123","author":"Cnudde","year":"2013","journal-title":"Earth-Sci. Rev."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c05483","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/32\/48497\/66357953\/acsomega.6c05483.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/32\/48497\/66357953\/acsomega.6c05483.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:25:50Z","timestamp":1787070350000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/32\/48497\/5238548\/Quantitative-Characterization-and-Differential"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"32","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c05483","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]}}}