{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T09:02:59Z","timestamp":1789722179050,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52504028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52504028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In recent years, oil and gas development has gradually shifted toward low-permeability, tight, and difficult-to-produce unconventional reservoirs. Due to the difficulty of energy replenishment via water injection in such reservoirs, fracturing-driven huff-n-puff (FDHP) technology has emerged as a key technique for their efficient development. Tight reservoirs are characterized by fine pore throats and complex pore structures, and the dynamic capillary force effect during the shut-in period can significantly influence fluid seepage behavior. However, most existing studies on shut-in time optimization are based on the static capillary force assumption, which fails to accurately characterize the actual features of unsteady-state spontaneous imbibition processes. In this study, dynamic capillary forces during production in reservoirs with different permeabilities were experimentally measured, and the evolution of the pseudodynamic coefficient with water saturation was revealed. Based on a macroscopic characterization model of the dynamic capillary force effect, combined with the flow characteristics of surfactant solution and crude oil in porous media, a single-well matrix-fracture coupled shut-in production model was constructed. Production simulations were conducted on well T-1, an FDHP well in the Daqing Oilfield. The production performance and remaining oil distribution under different shut-in durations were analyzed using the proposed model, and the effects of bottomhole flowing pressure, crude oil viscosity, reservoir permeability, and oil\u2013water interfacial tension on shut-in time were investigated. The results show that under permeability ranging from 0.81 to 20.31 \u00d7 10\u20133 \u03bcm2 and injection rates from 0.01 to 0.2 mL\/min, the pseudodynamic coefficient during water flooding ranges from 0.04 to 76.3 MPa s, exhibiting a nonlinear positive correlation with water saturation. Higher displacement rates and lower core permeability lead to a more pronounced dynamic capillary force effect and a larger pseudodynamic coefficient. Shut-in time exhibits a nonlinear relationship with cumulative oil production, with an optimal interval existing. An appropriate shut-in duration can effectively expand the reservoir energy supplementation range, mitigate the oil production decline rate, and enhance oil recovery. The optimal shut-in time for the target well is 15\u201320 d: short-term shut-in relies on driving pressure for production enhancement, while the effectiveness of long-term shut-in is constrained by fluid flowback efficiency. Sensitivity analysis of shut-in time for FDHP in tight reservoirs demonstrates that the optimal shut-in time shortens with increasing bottomhole flowing pressure, extends with rising crude oil viscosity and injected fluid\u2013crude oil interfacial tension, and exhibits a negative correlation with reservoir permeability. The findings of this study can improve the application of FDHP technology in tight oil reservoirs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c05630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T20:07:52Z","timestamp":1789675672000},"page":"54434-54454","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimization and Threshold of Soaking Time in Fracturing-Driven\nHuff-n-Puff for Tight Reservoirs Based on Dynamic Capillary Force"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7888-0031","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qingchao","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Petroleum University , , , ,","place":["Daqing, Heilongjiang, China, 163318"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8134-3022","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nanhao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Petroleum University , , , ,","place":["Daqing, Heilongjiang, China, 163318"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxin","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Oilfield Services Limited , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 3004593"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianguang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Petroleum University , , , ,","place":["Daqing, Heilongjiang, China, 163318"]},{"name":"Northeast Petroleum University , , ,","place":["Daqing, China, 163318"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengjie","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PetroChina Daqing Oilfield Limited Company , , ,","place":["Daqing, China, 163414"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Petroleum University , , , ,","place":["Daqing, Heilongjiang, China, 163318"]},{"name":"Northeast Petroleum University , , ,","place":["Daqing, China, 163318"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Petroleum University , , , ,","place":["Daqing, Heilongjiang, China, 163318"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026091716074882700_cit1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Situation of China\u2019s oil and\ngas exploration and development in recent years and relevant suggestions","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Pet. 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Oil Gas Reservoirs"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091716074882700_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmst.2016.05.004","article-title":"DEM simulation\nof confining pressure effects on crack opening displacement in hydraulic\nfracturing","volume":"26","author":"Abdollahipour","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091716074882700_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S1876-3804(19)60040-6","article-title":"Technological progress and prospects\nof reservoir stimulation","volume":"46","author":"Lei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pet. Explor. Dev."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091716074882700_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/S1876-3804(13)60009-9","article-title":"Current development\nand application of chemical combination flooding technique","volume":"40","author":"Zhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pet. Explor. 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Energy\nRes."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026091716074882700_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1080\/10916466.2024.2365713","article-title":"A semi-analytical model for fractured horizontal wells\nproduction considering imbibition during shut-in periods","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pet. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026091716074882700_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.petrol.2020.106959","article-title":"A brief review of dynamic capillarity effect and its characteristics\nin low permeability and tight reservoirs","volume":"189","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.\nPet. Sci. 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Fluids"},{"key":"2026091716074882700_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2020.124709","article-title":"A comprehensive modelling\ninvestigation of dynamic capillary effect during non-equilibrium flow\nin tight porous media","volume":"584","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091716074882700_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.3390\/en16031554","article-title":"Study of the\nInfluence of Dynamic and Static Capillary Forces on Production in\nLow-Permeability Reservoirs","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"2026091716074882700_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advwatres.2020.103631","article-title":"Impact of time-dependent\nwettability alteration on the dynamics of capillary pressure","volume":"142","author":"Kassa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. 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Phys."},{"key":"2026091716074882700_cit52","first-page":"2409.10875","article-title":"Adaptively coupled domain decomposition\nmethod for multiphase and multicomponent porous media flows","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv"}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c05630","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/36\/54434\/67733634\/acsomega.6c05630.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/36\/54434\/67733634\/acsomega.6c05630.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T08:23:14Z","timestamp":1789719794000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/36\/54434\/5360947\/Optimization-and-Threshold-of-Soaking-Time-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"36","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c05630","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]}}}