{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:07:15Z","timestamp":1788876435796,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"35","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004763","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025MS03002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025MS03002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004763","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020788","name":"Science and Technology Major Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025KYPT003903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025KYPT003903"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020788","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Fundamental Research Program in the International Centre of Bamboo and Rattan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1632022026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1632022026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Commercial phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesives adapted from wood-composite applications are not specifically designed for bamboo, whose relatively high density, low porosity, poor surface wettability, and restricted transverse transport pathways hinder resin spreading and penetration. In this study, four PF adhesives with different molecular weights and viscosities were synthesized by optimizing the reaction temperature and time for bonding flattened Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis). The developed adhesives showed enhanced wettability to bamboo compared with the commercial phenolic resin. The hydroxymethyl groups in the developed adhesives were determined by NMR, FTIR, and wet chemical methods to be present at high levels, demonstrating high reactivity during the hot-pressing process. When applied for laminating bamboo, the developed adhesives performed better than the commercial one from the perspective of penetration depth and bonding performance. Powered by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), the \u201cbamboo\u2013adhesive\u2013bamboo\u201d was clearly mapped, and it was clearly observed that the developed phenolic resins penetrated deeper into bamboo than the commercial one. Also, the developed phenolic adhesives contributed higher tensile shear strength to the laminated bamboo products than the commercial phenolic resin, regardless of dry or wet strength. These findings demonstrate that coordinated regulation of molecular weight and viscosity can improve resin penetration and curing reactivity, providing a bamboo-oriented PF adhesive design strategy for bamboo composites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c05750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T22:01:15Z","timestamp":1788213675000},"page":"53165-53175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Low-Molecular-Weight\nPhenolic Adhesives Tailored for\nBonding Flattened Moso Bamboo (\n                    <i>Phyllostachys edulis<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Rihan","family":"Hai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Material Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University , ,","place":["Hohhot, China, 010018"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanghuan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Bamboo and Rattan , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100102"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4584-2548","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yamei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Material Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University , ,","place":["Hohhot, China, 010018"]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Sandy Shrubs Fibrosis and Energy Development and Utilization , ,","place":["Hohhot, China, 010018"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090809111564300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28924","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA06487G","article-title":"Research status, industrial\napplication demand and prospects of phenolic resin","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"2026090809111564300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.131425","article-title":"Bending performance of nail-laminated\nbamboo-timber panels made with glubam and fast-grown plantation Chinese\nfir","volume":"384","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Constr. 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Des."},{"key":"2026090809111564300_cit46","first-page":"238","article-title":"Characterization of\nPhenol-Formaldehyde Prepolymer\nResins by In Line FT-IR Spectroscopy","volume":"52","author":"Poljans\u030cek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Chim.\nSlov."},{"key":"2026090809111564300_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tca.2008.04.013","article-title":"A novel thermal degradation\nmechanism of phenol\u2013formaldehyde type resins","volume":"476","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thermochim. Acta"},{"key":"2026090809111564300_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2023.09.176","article-title":"Enhancing\nand toughening bamboo interfacial bonding strength by reactive hyperbranched\npolyethyleneimine modified phenol formaldehyde resin adhesive","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. 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