{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:08:39Z","timestamp":1790698119905,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100032592","name":"China Yangtze Power","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z232402007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z232402007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100032592","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Supported by the Open Research Subject of Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery(Xihua University), Ministry of Education","award":["LTDL-2025008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LTDL-2025008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Phase change energy storage is a key technology for mitigating the volatility and intermittency of renewable energy and plays an important role in improving the efficiency, stability, and reliability of energy systems. To enhance the thermal conductivity of erythritol (Ery), this study introduces carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-COOH) as a high-thermal-conductivity filler into the Ery matrix to prepare a composite phase change material (CPCM). Inspired by biomimetic principles, a biomimetic fish-fin latent heat storage structure was designed. A series of characterizations were conducted on the CPCM, and the effects of fin eccentricity (FE) and fin inclination angle on the thermal storage performance were investigated through numerical simulation. The results show that the CPCM with 3 wt % CNTs-COOH exhibits thermal conductivities of 0.531 and 0.433 W\/(m\u00b7K) at 80 and 150 \u00b0C, respectively, representing increases of 14% and 20% compared with pure Ery. CNTs-COOH effectively inhibit nanoparticle aggregation. Eccentric fins alleviate the slow heat transfer issue at the bottom of the thermal storage unit and improve phase change material (PCM) temperature uniformity. The configuration with FE = 5 mm exhibits the best thermal performance, reducing the complete melting time by 22% compared with FE = 0 mm and increasing both heat storage capacity and heat storage power by 2.4%. The effect of fin angle on the melting process follows a trend of \u201cinitially slow and subsequently rapid\u201d. At 2160 s, compared with the 45\u00b0 configuration, the 90\u00b0 and 130\u00b0 configurations significantly enhance convective heat transfer. Among them, the 130\u00b0 configuration increases heat storage capacity by 2.93% and reduces the complete melting time by 10%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c05758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:02:01Z","timestamp":1789585321000},"page":"57433-57448","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Thermal Performance\nEnhancement of a Biomimetic Fish-Fin\nLatent Heat Storage Unit Using CNTs-COOH\/Erythritol Composite Phase\nChange Material"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0221-655X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shiping","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xihua University , , , ,","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610039"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenggui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xihua University , , , ,","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610039"]},{"name":"Qinghai Institute of Technology , , , ,","place":["Xining, Qinghai, China, 810016"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baozhu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xihua University , , , ,","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610039"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanxiong","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qinghai Institute of Technology , , , ,","place":["Xining, Qinghai, China, 810016"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092911095450900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120853","article-title":"Simulations of melting\nperformance enhancement for a PCM embedded in metal periodic structures","volume":"168","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. 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Mater."},{"key":"2026092911095450900_cit18","unstructured":"Peng, S.\n          \n          Molecular\ndynamics\nsimulation of thermophysical properties of erythritol-based composite\nphase change materials. Qingdao University\nof Science and Technology, 2024. 000585."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026092911095450900_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2578","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11102578","article-title":"A Review of Thermal\nProperty Enhancements of Low-Temperature\nNano-Enhanced Phase Change Materials","volume":"11","author":"Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"2026092911095450900_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2025.116040","article-title":"Nanoparticle-enhanced phase change materials\nfor thermal energy storage: A critical review","volume":"223","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026092911095450900_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4604","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18194604","article-title":"Leakage-Proof and High-Conductivity\nComposite Phase Change Material Using Low-Melting-Point-Alloy-Encapsulated\nCopper Foam\/Paraffin for Superior Thermal Homogeneity in Lithium-Ion\nBattery Modules","volume":"18","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"2026092911095450900_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2024.119986","article-title":"Thermal characteristics\nenhancement of Paraffin Wax Phase Change Material (PCM) for thermal\nstorage applications","volume":"222","author":"Bharathiraja","year":"2024","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"key":"2026092911095450900_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.109123","article-title":"Comprehensive review of optimization strategies\nfor phase change materials: Techniques, applications, and challenges\nin thermal storage systems","volume":"166","author":"Izadi","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Communications\nin Heat and Mass Transfer"},{"key":"2026092911095450900_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2024.110563","article-title":"Experimental and numerical\ninvestigation of the melting behavior of a phase change material in\na horizontal latent heat accumulator with longitudinal and annular\nfins","volume":"82","author":"Hosseini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Energy Storage"},{"key":"2026092911095450900_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2024.112880","article-title":"Analysis on the effect of novel topological\noptimization fin structures considering eccentricity on the heat storage\nand release characteristics of shell and tube phase change heat accumulator","volume":"97","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Energy Storage"},{"key":"2026092911095450900_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2023.05.001","article-title":"Melting\ncharacteristics\nof concentric and eccentric inner elliptic tube in double tube latent\nheat energy storage unit","volume":"73","author":"Alnakeeb","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alexandria Engineering\nJournal"},{"key":"2026092911095450900_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.101396","article-title":"An experimental and numerical study on effect of longitudinal finned\ntube eccentric configuration on melting behaviour of lauric acid in\na horizontal tube-in-shell storage unit","volume":"30","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal\nof Energy Storage"},{"key":"2026092911095450900_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127897","article-title":"Nature-inspired\nlotus-shaped\nfins combined with hybrid nanoparticles and metal foam for high-performance\nlatent heat thermal energy storage","volume":"255","author":"Saini","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. 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