{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T15:53:16Z","timestamp":1789487596466,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":182,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016238","name":"Ministerie van Economische Zaken en Klimaat","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TKI2024 SAGITTARIUS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKI2024 SAGITTARIUS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016238","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Biomass and waste gasification offer a renewable pathway to methanol via syngas, yet the stringent impurity limits required by commercial methanol catalysts make syngas cleaning a critical step in the process. In this review, we first define the optimal syngas composition for economical methanol production based on literature data. It then establishes a systematic link between gasification conditions, raw gas (RG) composition, and downstream cleaning requirements. Unlike previous reviews that mainly focus on individual gas cleaning technologies, this work integrates impurity specifications required for methanol synthesis with gasification conditions, downstream cleaning strategies, and recent advances in gasification and cleaning process modeling. The influences of feedstock composition, gasifier type, and gasification medium on RG composition and impurity levels, including tars, particulates, sulfur species, halides, nitrogen compounds, and trace metals, are examined as factors determining the design and severity of downstream cleaning trains and necessary gas conversions. Key cleaning technologies, including high-temperature filtration, tar removal, desulfurization, and removal of halides and nitrogen species, are evaluated with emphasis on integrated systems. Emerging approaches such as novel catalysts and sorbents, as well as advanced strategies like molten-salt-based gasification or cleaning, are also reviewed. Recent advances in process modeling, including kinetic and equilibrium models, Aspen Plus simulations, and physics-informed machine learning, are highlighted for optimizing gasification\u2013cleaning chains. Additionally, a decision-tree flowchart is proposed to guide the selection of appropriate gas-cleaning strategies for efficient methanol production. The review shows that integrated cleaning strategies tailored to gasifier type, combined with advanced modeling tools, have strong potential to reduce purification costs and improve the economic feasibility of methanol synthesis from biomass and waste.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c05837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T02:10:56Z","timestamp":1788401456000},"page":"53633-53660","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Raw Gas Treatment\nand Conditioning for Methanol Production\nfrom Biomass and Waste Gasification"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0292-9521","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yadolah","family":"Ganjkhanlou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) , , ,","place":["Petten, The Netherlands, 1755 LE"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9292-4707","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pedro","family":"Abelha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) , , ,","place":["Petten, The Netherlands, 1755 LE"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiaan","family":"van der Meijden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) , , ,","place":["Petten, The Netherlands, 1755 LE"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berend","family":"Vreugdenhil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) , , ,","place":["Petten, The Netherlands, 1755 LE"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6508-4642","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Evert","family":"Boymans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) , , ,","place":["Petten, The Netherlands, 1755 LE"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surika","family":"van Wyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) , , ,","place":["Petten, The Netherlands, 1755 LE"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Carranza-Abaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equinor ASA , , Forusbeen 50, Forus , ,","place":["Stavanger, Norway, 4035"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crina Silvia","family":"Ilea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equinor ASA , , Forusbeen 50, Forus , ,","place":["Stavanger, Norway, 4035"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid Aartun","family":"B\u00f8e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equinor ASA , , Forusbeen 50, Forus , ,","place":["Stavanger, Norway, 4035"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091510083843500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2013.02.036","article-title":"A Review of Cleaning\nTechnologies for Biomass-Derived\nSyngas","volume":"52","author":"Woolcock","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"2026091510083843500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-95124-1.00003-6","article-title":"Biomass Gasification and Biological\nSystem for Cleaning Syngas from Gasifiers","volume-title":"Material-Microbes Interactions","author":"Jaiswal","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026091510083843500_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.36884\/jafm.5.01.11963","article-title":"Syngas Treatment Unit\nfor Small Scale Gasification-Application\nto IC Engine Gas Quality Requirement","volume":"5","author":"Laurence","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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