{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:02:00Z","timestamp":1790092920740,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"37","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003093","name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["203\/PTEKIND\/6711702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["203\/PTEKIND\/6711702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alkaline pre-impregnation prior to soda-anthraquinone pulping of oil palm empty fruit bunches enables conversion into highly delignified, high-strength cellulosic matrices. A 23 factorial design was established to evaluate the main and interaction effects of pre-impregnation variables\u2500temperature, time, and alkali charge\u2500against conventional soda-anthraquinone pulping. While pulp yield was invariant, pulp and paper properties were strongly governed by distinct main and two-way interaction effects. Crucially, temperature dominated the pulp viscosity, burst, and tearing indices. Leveraging this insight, an inter-stage washing step was integrated while fixing temperature at a lower level to preserve fiber integrity, with the remaining conditions anchored by the factorial model. This integrated sequence significantly outperformed conventional and unwashed two-stage alternatives by removing dissolved lignin, while maximizing the retention of structural hemicelluloses to promote fiber bonding, yielding a lower kappa number (10.4) alongside elevated tensile (22.68 N\u00b7m\/g), burst (4.40 kPa\u00b7m2\/g), and tearing (8.36 mN\u00b7m2\/g) indices. These findings provide an efficient, low-temperature framework for agricultural residue valorization into high-strength bio-based materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c05915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T21:02:01Z","timestamp":1788555721000},"page":"56001-56013","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Alkaline Pre-Impregnation and Inter-Stage Washing\nfor Enhanced Soda-AQ Pulping of Oil Palm EFB"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4222-9346","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yun Jie","family":"Chuah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia , , , ,","place":["Minden, Penang, Malaysia, 11800"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi Teng","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia , , , ,","place":["Minden, Penang, Malaysia, 11800"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6811-1936","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yitong","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia , , , ,","place":["Minden, Penang, Malaysia, 11800"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang Yi","family":"Liew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia , , , ,","place":["Minden, Penang, Malaysia, 11800"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheu Peng","family":"Leh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia , , , ,","place":["Minden, Penang, Malaysia, 11800"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092211023842400_cit1","unstructured":"Statista Research Department.\n          \n          Global Pulp Industry\n- Statistics; https:\/\/www.statista.com. accessed 27 February 2026."},{"key":"2026092211023842400_cit2","volume-title":"2025\nPEFC Annual Review; Programme for the Endorsement of\nForest Certification","author":"PEFC.","year":"2026"},{"key":"2026092211023842400_cit3","unstructured":"FSC.\n          \n          Global FSC Certified Forest Area and Market\nStatistics; https:\/\/fsc.org. accessed 21 February 2026."},{"key":"2026092211023842400_cit4","volume-title":"Global\nForest Resources Assessment 2025: key Findings","author":"FAO.","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026092211023842400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes13020228","article-title":"Agricultural residues as raw materials\nfor pulp and\npaper production: overview and applications on membrane fabrication","volume":"13","author":"Worku","year":"2023","journal-title":"Membranes"},{"key":"2026092211023842400_cit6","unstructured":"Statista.\n          \n          Leading Producers of Palm Oil Worldwide\nfrom 2023\/2024; https:\/\/statista.com. accessed 27 February 2026."},{"key":"2026092211023842400_cit7","volume-title":"National Biomass Action\nPlan 2023\u20132030","author":"Ministry of Plantation and Commodities.","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026092211023842400_cit8","first-page":"343","article-title":"Effects of prehydrolysis\non the production of dissolving pulp from empty fruit bunches","volume":"16","author":"Rosli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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Macromol."},{"key":"2026092211023842400_cit36","article-title":"Effects of hemicelluloses on\npaper properties: a mini review","volume-title":"Proceedings\nof the 3rd International Conference on Engineering,\nNatural and Social Sciences","author":"C\u0327ic\u0327ekler","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c05915","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/37\/56001\/68393640\/acsomega.6c05915.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/37\/56001\/68393640\/acsomega.6c05915.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:10:57Z","timestamp":1790089857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/37\/56001\/5421756\/Alkaline-Pre-Impregnation-and-Inter-Stage-Washing"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"37","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c05915","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]}}}