{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T23:18:29Z","timestamp":1788218309890,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"33","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Avantor","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AWD1007351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AWD1007351"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A three-step synthesis of squalene (1), the universal precursor of sterols, an adjuvant for vaccines, and a component of cosmetics, has been achieved from plant-derived trans, trans-farnesol (2) and 2-nitrobenzenesulfonamide (3). The successful strategy described herein features an end-to-end pairing of farnesyl radicals formed in one laboratory operation from bis-farnesylamine (6) and Levin\u2019s anomeric amide (7). This concise synthesis provides squalene in 99.8% purity after purification of the derived thiourea clathrate, following the procedure of Nicolaides and Laves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c06150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T22:01:11Z","timestamp":1786744871000},"page":"50303-50307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Three-Step Synthesis of Squalene from\n                    <i>trans, trans<\/i>\n                    -Farnesol"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7608-080X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marcel","family":"Achtenhagen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Avantor, Inc. , 77 Corporate Drive , , ,","place":["Bridgewater, New Jersey, United States, 08807"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Silldorff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton University , , , ,","place":["Princeton, New Jersey, United States, 08544"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kit H. B.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton University , , , ,","place":["Princeton, New Jersey, United States, 08544"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tayler","family":"Barone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avantor, Inc. , 77 Corporate Drive , , ,","place":["Bridgewater, New Jersey, United States, 08807"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudrajit","family":"Mal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avantor, Inc. , 77 Corporate Drive , , ,","place":["Bridgewater, New Jersey, United States, 08807"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evon","family":"Bolessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avantor, Inc. , 77 Corporate Drive , , ,","place":["Bridgewater, New Jersey, United States, 08807"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avantor, Inc. , 77 Corporate Drive , , ,","place":["Bridgewater, New Jersey, United States, 08807"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raman","family":"Bahulekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avantor, Inc. , 77 Corporate Drive , , ,","place":["Bridgewater, New Jersey, United States, 08807"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nandkumar","family":"Deorkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avantor, Inc. , 77 Corporate Drive , , ,","place":["Bridgewater, New Jersey, United States, 08807"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9967-6347","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erik J.","family":"Sorensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton University , , , ,","place":["Princeton, New Jersey, United States, 08544"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026083119114863800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03448-9","article-title":"Skeletal editing\nthrough direct nitrogen deletion of secondary amines","volume":"593","author":"Kennedy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026083119114863800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1524\/zkri.1965.121.2-4.283","article-title":"On the crystal structure of squalene\nthiourea adducts and the stereochemistry\nof squalene","volume":"121","author":"Nicolaides","year":"1965","journal-title":"Z. 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J."},{"key":"2026083119114863800_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9980","DOI":"10.1021\/jf201328a","article-title":"Enhanced Squalene Production by Wild-Type Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains Using Safe Chemical Means","volume":"59","author":"Naziri","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"2026083119114863800_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.5b00115","article-title":"Biosynthesis\nof Squalene from Farnesyl Diphosphate in Bacteria: Three Steps Catalyzed\nby Three Enzymes","volume":"1","author":"Pan","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Cent. Sci"},{"key":"2026083119114863800_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3462","DOI":"10.1039\/C4OB02290D","article-title":"Homocoupling versus reduction of radicals: an experimental\nand theoretical study of Ti(III)-mediated deoxygenation of activated\nalcohols","volume":"13","author":"Prieto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Org. Biomol. Chem"},{"key":"2026083119114863800_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16485","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.1c06776","article-title":"High-Level\nSqualene Production from\nMethane Using a Metabolically Engineered Methylomonas sp. DH-1 Strain","volume":"9","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026083119114863800_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.oprd.3c00300","article-title":"Kilo-Scale GMP Synthesis\nof Renewable Semisynthetic Vaccine-Grade Squalene","volume":"27","author":"Fisher","year":"2023","journal-title":"Org. Process Res. Dev"},{"key":"2026083119114863800_cit49","unstructured":"Deorkar, N.; Bahulekar, R.; Sorensen, E. J.; Achtenhagen, M.; Silldorff, T.\n          Synthetic\nTriterpenes\nComposition, Method of Production, and Applications Thereof. 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