{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T22:56:57Z","timestamp":1793746617820,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"34","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Shanghai Industrial Collaboration Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HCXBCY-2023-042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HCXBCY-2023-042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The modernization of traditional Chinese medicine requires robust support and backing from advanced modern technology and functional materials. Herein, a novel type of Janus films with trans-scale structural characteristics was synthesized in a straightforward manner through the integration of modified coaxial electrospinning and modified triaxial electrospinning. The Janus films contain a bottom layer composed of electrospun monolithic hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-sucralose composite nanofibers from the modified coaxial process and a top layer comprising electrospun core (watermelon-HPMC)-sheath (HPMC-sucralose) nanofibers from the modified triaxial process. SEM and TEM characterizations clearly verified the linear morphologies and inner microstructures of both the monolithic and core\u2013sheath nanofibers. XRD and FTIR indicated the mainly amorphous physical states of the components and their fine compatibility within the nanofibrous films. As soluble hydrogels, the Janus films were shown to rapidly gel upon contact with water. Using an artificial tongue and artificial saliva, the Janus films were demonstrated to enable sustained release of the loaded watermelon frost through adhesion to the base of the tongue in a diffusion\u2013erosion combination mechanism with a duration significantly longer than that of the commercial spray. Furthermore, the topical delivery of Janus films was able to provide precise positioning of drug delivery, extend the drug delivery time period for a small administration frequency, and offer a pleasant drug delivery free of bitterness, verifying a successful formulation conversion from spray formulation to nanofilm formulation. The present protocols open up a new avenue not only for synthesizing brand-new hybrid configurations but also for formulation conversions from the traditional types to nanoproducts for sustainable social benefit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c06260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:01:52Z","timestamp":1786986112000},"page":"51819-51832","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Janus Films Fabricated\nUsing Modified Electrospinning\nfor Converting the Dosage Form of Watermelon Frost"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200093"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200093"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Medical University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200052"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1435-6222","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200093"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7825-4498","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Deng-Guang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200093"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanjie","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Medical University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200052"]},{"name":"Naval Medical University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200433"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12668-025-02214-9","article-title":"Nanotechnology\nSolutions for Advancing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Integrating\nNanomaterials for Global Sustainability","volume":"15","author":"Khan","year":"2025","journal-title":"BioNanoScience"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nxmate.2024.100119","article-title":"Electrospun Multi-Chamber\nNanostructures for Sustainable Biobased\nChemical Nanofibers","volume":"2","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Next Mater."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2025.136227","article-title":"One-Step Side-by-Side\nElectrospraying of Janus Particles\nfor Durable Multifunctional Coatings on Cotton Textiles","volume":"710","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., A"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1007\/s10924-012-0436-3","article-title":"Acetone, a Sustainable\nSolvent for Electrospinning\nPoly(\u03b5-Caprolactone) Fibres: Effect of Varying Parameters and\nSolution Concentrations on Fibre Diameter","volume":"20","author":"Bosworth","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\nPolym. Environ."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit5","first-page":"1773","volume-title":"Nanotechnology and Sustainability","author":"Rathi","year":"2026"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, D.-G.; Chen, T.; He, C.\n          Combinations with Traditional\nTechniques for Accelerating the Industrialization of Nano Drug Delivery\nSystems\n          Curr. Drug Delivery\n          2026; Vol. 2310.2174\/0115672018436374260326080620.","DOI":"10.2174\/0115672018436374260326080620"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2218494","article-title":"New Methods\nof Drug Delivery","volume":"249","author":"Langer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1021\/ar00034a004","article-title":"Polymer-Controlled\nDrug Delivery Systems","volume":"26","author":"Langer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit9","unstructured":"Anonymity.\n          .  Product Specifications\nof Watermelon Frost (In Chinese), Approval Number: National\nMedicine Standard Z45021599, Guilin Sanjin Pharmaceutical\nCo., Ltd: Guilin; 2023."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2019.04.018","article-title":"Scalable manufacturing\nand applications of nanofibers","volume":"28","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1039\/D5PM00265F","article-title":"Recent\nAdvances in Electrospun Nanofiber-Based Implantable Drug Delivery\nSystems for Breast Cancer Therapy","volume":"3","author":"Xing","year":"2026","journal-title":"RSC Pharm."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202521662","article-title":"The Coupling of Gradient\nMechano-Electrical Microenvironments Promotes Interface Regeneration\nvia Ca2+ Signaling Activation","volume":"36","author":"Yao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv.\nFunct. Mater."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2025.126396","article-title":"Enhancing\nthe Aqueous Solubility of Hemin at Physiological pH through Encapsulation\nwithin Polyvinylpyrrolidone Nanofibres","volume":"687","author":"Anderson","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int.\nJ. Pharm."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics18010047","article-title":"Waterproof Fabric with Copper Ion-Loaded\nMulticompartmental Nanoparticle Coatings for Jellyfish Repellency","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202500364","article-title":"Coaxial\nElectrospun ZIF-8@PAN Nanofiber Membranes for Tetracycline and Doxycycline\nAdsorption in Wastewater","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/open.202500564","article-title":"Core-Sheath\nNanofibers from A Modified Coaxial Electrospinning for Transdermal\nDelivery of Finasteride","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2026","journal-title":"ChemistryOpen"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201704765","article-title":"Recent\nProgress\nin Coaxial Electrospinning: New Parameters, Various Structures, and\nWide Applications","volume":"30","author":"Yoon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1039\/D2BM01513G","article-title":"Multifluid Electrospinning for Multi-Drug\nDelivery Systems: Pros and Cons, Challenges, and Future Directions","volume":"11","author":"Tabakoglu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2013.06.002","article-title":"Advances in Three-Dimensional Nanofibrous\nMacrostructures via Electrospinning","volume":"39","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Polym.\nSci."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16182614","article-title":"Synergistic\nEffects of Radical Distributions of Soluble and Insoluble Polymers\nwithin Electrospun Nanofibers for an Extending Release of Ferulic\nAcid","volume":"16","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179524","article-title":"Reverse Gradient Distributions of Drug and Polymer Molecules within\nElectrospun Core\u2013Shell Nanofibers for Sustained Release","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2026.214808","article-title":"Comparative\nStudy of Bio-Based and Synthetic Phase Change Materials Functionalized\nCoaxial Fibers for Photothermal-Controlled Drug Delivery","volume":"184","author":"Zhou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biomater. Adv."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2026.2619643","article-title":"Therapeutic\nNanofibrous Scaffolds in Precision Drug Delivery: Formulation Design,\nChallenges and Regulatory Frameworks","volume":"23","author":"Shokoya","year":"2026","journal-title":"Expert\nOpin. Drug Delivery"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.141279","article-title":"Lotus Leaf Inspired Sustainable and Multifunctional\nJanus Film for Food Packaging","volume":"457","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63389","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c16217","article-title":"Transparent\nand Mechanically Robust Janus Nanofiber\nMembranes for Open Wound Healing and Monitoring","volume":"16","author":"Kuddushi","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202507498","article-title":"Janus Electrospun\nMembranes","volume":"37","author":"Si","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202505523","article-title":"Electrospun Tri-layer Core-sheath Nanofibrous Coating\nfor Sequential Treatment of Postoperative Complications in Orthopedic\nImplants","volume":"21","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8241","DOI":"10.1021\/am402376c","article-title":"Triaxial Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes for Controlled\nDual Release of Functional Molecules","volume":"5","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Appl.\nMater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2025.101494","article-title":"Electrospinning and Electrospun Nanofibers: From Academic\nResearch to Industrial Production","volume":"154","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prog. Mater.\nSci."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30214241","article-title":"Triaxial Electrospun\nNanofiber Membranes\nfor Prolonged Curcumin Release in Dental Applications: Drug Release\nand Biological Properties","volume":"30","author":"Tabakoglu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2025.115096","article-title":"Self-Pumping\nJanus Nanofiber Membrane with pH Monitoring Capability, Integrated\nwith a Drug-Loaded Fast-Dissolving Layer for Enhanced Chronic Wound\nHealing","volume":"257","author":"Xi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., B"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c13676","article-title":"On-Demand\nSequential Release of Dual Drug from pH-Responsive Electrospun Janus\nNanofiber Membranes toward Wound Healing and Infection Control","volume":"16","author":"Amarjargal","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202500188","article-title":"A Multifunctional\nJanus Electrospinning Dressing with Sequential Drug-Releasing Property\nfor Programmed Treatments of Chronic Infected Wounds","volume":"14","author":"Qu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2026.140477","article-title":"Electrospun\nSandwich Nanofibers with Temperature\/pH Dual-Responsive\nProperties for Adjusting Boscalid Release Profiles","volume":"742","author":"Zhu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., A"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S29119","article-title":"Novel Biodegradable\nSandwich-Structured Nanofibrous Drug-Eluting Membranes for Repair\nof Infected Wounds: An in Vitro and in Vivo Study","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit36","first-page":"5152","article-title":"Sandwich-Like Nanofiber Membrane\nLoaded with Salidroside Regulates\nMacrophage Polarization and Promotes Angiogenesis in Diabetic Wounds","volume":"30","author":"Zheng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chin. J. Tissue Eng. Res."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mugundhan, S. L.; Nimbagal, R. N.; Chagaleti, B. K.\n          Fast-Dissolving\nOral Drug Delivery Systems: From Formulation Science to Therapeutic\nImplementation\n          Biomed. Mater. & Devices\n          2025\n          10.1007\/s44174-025-00595-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s44174-025-00595-9"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2025.125654","article-title":"A Novel Orodispersible\nFilm Load\nwith Dual-Coated Sustained-Release Microparticles for Pediatric Drug\nDelivery","volume":"677","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1402-4896\/ad3f8b","article-title":"A Comparison\nbetween Solvent Casting and Electrospinning Methods for the Fabrication\nof HPMC Fast-Dissolving Films: Investigation of the Physicochemical,\nMechanical and Drug Release Characteristics","volume":"99","author":"Mortazavi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys. Scr."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2025.137601","article-title":"Fabrication and Physicomechanical\nPerformance of Casein-Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Nanofibers","volume":"693","author":"Sharma","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2025.114765","article-title":"A Bioadhesive Sustained-Release Films\nfor in Situ Therapy of Oral Ulcers","volume":"259","author":"Ge","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2019.01.006","article-title":"Nanostructured Poly(Lactic\nAcid)\/Soy Protein\/HPMC Films by Electrospinning\nfor Potential Applications in Food Industry","volume":"112","author":"Aydogdu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.06.075","article-title":"Electrospun Hypromellose-Based Hydrophilic\nComposites for Rapid Dissolution\nof Poorly Water-Soluble Drug","volume":"174","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11070305","article-title":"Drug Delivery\nApplications of Core-Sheath\nNanofibers Prepared by Coaxial Electrospinning: A Review","volume":"11","author":"Pant","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2024.106533","article-title":"Preparation and Characterization\nof Drug-Loaded Coaxial Electrospun Nanofibers Membranes with pH-Responsive\nand Antibacterial Properties","volume":"104","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Drug Delivery\nSci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13101665","article-title":"Utilising Co-Axial Electrospinning\nas a Taste-Masking\nTechnology for Paediatric Drug Delivery","volume":"13","author":"Abdelhakim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2025.125501","article-title":"Enhanced Drug Release\nControl in Coaxial Electrospun Fibers via Heat\nPressing: Reducing Burst Release and Achieving Dual-Phase Delivery","volume":"674","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0032-3861(03)00616-5","article-title":"Some Investigations on the Fiber\nFormation by Utilizing\na Side-by-Side Bicomponent Electrospinning Approach","volume":"44","author":"Gupta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2026.104307","article-title":"New Generations\nof Electrospun Janus Nanofibers for Drug Delivery","volume":"115","author":"Yu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219581X25300020","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review on Electrospinning:\nMechanisms,\nFunctional Modifications and the Importance of Nanofiber Systems","volume":"24","author":"Oleiwi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanosci."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit51","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Preparation Methods Used\nin Electrospinning and Electrospraying","author":"Choukaife","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5226","DOI":"10.1039\/D4TB02718C","article-title":"Recent Advances in Structural\nand Functional Design\nof Electrospun Nanofibers for Wound Healing","volume":"13","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202201723","article-title":"The History of Electrospinning:\nPast, Present, and Future Developments","volume":"8","author":"Keirouz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv.\nMater. Technol."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6762","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.5c00703","article-title":"Novel Insights\ninto Solution Electrospinning for Nanofibers","volume":"58","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-39655-5","article-title":"Real-Time\nMonitoring and Closed-Loop Control System\nfor Multi-Jet Electrospinning with Coaxial Laser","volume":"16","author":"Jiang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2021.106761","article-title":"Food-Grade\nHydroxypropyl Methylcellulose-Based\nFormulations for Electrohydrodynamic Processing: Part I - Role of\nSolution Parameters on Fibre and Particle Production","volume":"118","author":"Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Hydrocolloids"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit57","first-page":"110","article-title":"Analysis\nof Fickian and Non-Fickian Drug Release from Polymers","volume":"60","author":"Peppas","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pharm. Acta Helv."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2006.12.014","article-title":"Swelling and Erosion of Pectin Matrix Tablets and Their\nImpact on Drug Release Behavior","volume":"67","author":"Sriamornsak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm.\nBiopharm."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2011.01.023","article-title":"Controlled Release from Hydrogel-Based\nSolid Matrices. A Model Accounting for Water up-Take, Swelling and\nErosion","volume":"407","author":"Lamberti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1021\/am5062745","article-title":"Release of Engineered\nNanomaterials from Polymer Nanocomposites:\nDiffusion, Dissolution, and Desorption","volume":"7","author":"Duncan","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS\nAppl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(01)00546-6","article-title":"Guar-Based Monolithic Matrix Systems: Effect of Ionizable\nand Non-Ionizable Substances and Excipients on Gel Dynamics and Release\nKinetics","volume":"80","author":"Du\u0308rig","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Controlled Release"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3410","DOI":"10.1039\/c3tb20487a","article-title":"Electrospun Composite\nNanofiber-Based Transmucosal\nPatch for Anti-Diabetic Drug Delivery","volume":"1","author":"Sharma","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mater.\nChem. B"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit63","first-page":"235","volume-title":"Utility of Various Drug Delivery Systems\nand Their Advantages and Disadvantages","author":"Fatima","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-018-0392-8","article-title":"Nano Based Drug Delivery\nSystems: Recent Developments and Future Prospects","volume":"16","author":"Patra","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit65","first-page":"275","volume-title":"Bridging the Biotechnology\nValley of Death: Modernizing the TRL-MRL-IRL Acquisitions Process\nfor Accelerated Technology Modernization","author":"Trump","year":"2026"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202508825","article-title":"Scaling CO2 Electroreduction\nRevolution: Pathways from Laboratory Breakthroughs to Industrial Implementation","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit67","first-page":"33","article-title":"A Review of\nRecent Advancement in\nBiosensors Development and Their Applications","volume":"1","author":"Masood","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Med. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.5b00607","article-title":"Transforming Nanomedicines from Lab Scale Production to Novel Clinical\nModality","volume":"27","author":"Landesman-Milo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioconjugate Chem."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S1793984425300122","article-title":"From Bench\nto Bedside: Role of Digital\nTwins in Nanocarrier Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution","volume":"16","author":"Singh","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nano LIFE"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4011","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c09566","article-title":"Transforming Medicine:\nCutting-Edge Applications of Nanoscale Materials in Drug Delivery","volume":"19","author":"Tenchov","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2024.106323","article-title":"A Synoptic\nExamination of Commercially Viable Nanofiber-Based Products","volume":"102","author":"Chaudhari","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Drug Delivery Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.2174\/0115672018279628231221105210","article-title":"Fiber Technology\nin Drug Delivery\nand Pharmaceuticals","volume":"22","author":"Dhoundiyal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Delivery"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13132087","article-title":"Review on Electrospun\nNanofiber-Applied Products","volume":"13","author":"Fadil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13020286","article-title":"Scale-up of Electrospinning:\nMarket Overview of Products and Devices for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical\nPurposes","volume":"13","author":"Omer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym18070795","article-title":"Fast Dissolving\nResveratrol\u2013Polyvinylpyrrolidone\nNanofibrous Films Fabricated in Bulk Using a Special Hole Electrospinning\nTechnique","volume":"18","author":"Guo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.176198","article-title":"One-step\nBatch Fabrication of Zn-Co ZIFs@TiO2 Nanofibers\nvia Modified Triaxial Electrospinning for Enhanced Photocatalytic\nAntibiotic Degradation through Peroxymonosulfate Activation","volume":"536","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"vi","DOI":"10.2174\/0115672018444726251010100332","article-title":"Multiple-Chamber Nanostructures for\nDrug Delivery","volume":"23","author":"Yu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Delivery"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.3569","article-title":"Stable\nFormulation of\nProtein-Type Drug in Electrospun Polymeric Fiber Followed by Tableting\nand Scaling-up Experiments","volume":"26","author":"Wagner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Polym. Adv. Technol."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2025.2497831","article-title":"Recent Developments in Nanofiber-Based Fast-Disintegrating Drug Delivery\nSystems","volume":"22","author":"Topuz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Delivery"},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2024.114580","article-title":"Continuous\nTwin-Screw Melt Granulation of Drug-Loaded Electrospun Fibers","volume":"206","author":"Za\u0301honyi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1611","article-title":"Scale-up of Electrospinning Technology: Applications\nin the Pharmaceutical Industry","volume":"12","author":"Vass","year":"2020","journal-title":"WIREs Nanomed.\nNanobiotechnol."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2026.110255","article-title":"One-Step Eccentric Side-by-Side Electrospraying\nof Janus Particle Coatings on Cotton in An Ethanol\u2013Water System\nfor Multifunctional Finishing","volume":"217","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"key":"2026090307192167100_cit83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44015","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c03877","article-title":"Scalable and Systematical\nConversions of Domestic Wastes to Core-Sheath\nNanofibers for Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotics","volume":"11","author":"Dong","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Omega"}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c06260","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/34\/51819\/66650773\/acsomega.6c06260.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/34\/51819\/66650773\/acsomega.6c06260.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:19:28Z","timestamp":1788434368000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/34\/51819\/5262233\/Janus-Films-Fabricated-Using-Modified"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"34","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c06260","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]}}}