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This study performed a systematic investigation of the effects of precipitation conditions, such as the precipitant type and drying procedure, on the physical and chemical properties of \u03b3-Al2O3. The \u03b3-Al2O3 samples obtained by calcination of precursors synthesized via precipitation using NH4OH as the precipitant exhibited higher amounts of surface hydroxyl groups than those synthesized using NaOH solution, because of the residual Na+ cations derived from the precipitant. Furthermore, in the case of \u03b3-Al2O3 obtained via the precipitation method using NH4OH solution, replacing the water present between the precipitate particles with various low-surface-tension solvents, such as n-hexane, produced \u03b3-Al2O3 with large meso\/macropore volumes. The surface tension of the solvent had negligible effects on the surface area of the resulting \u03b3-Al2O3. The \u03b3-Al2O3 product with large meso\/macropore volumes exhibited excellent catalytic activity for the Knoevenagel condensation reaction between benzaldehyde and malononitrile, although there was no correlation between the surface area and catalytic activity. These tests revealed the influence of the \u03b3-Al2O3 pore structure on catalytic reactions, which is highly meaningful for clarifying the role of hierarchical porosity. In addition, the study findings suggest that appropriate precipitation conditions and drying procedures can tune the acid\u2013base properties and meso\/macropore structures of \u03b3-Al2O3 for use as a high-performance catalyst.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c06707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T02:02:28Z","timestamp":1790301748000},"page":"59796-59806","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pore Structures\nand Acid\u2013Base Properties of\n\u03b3-Al2O3 Synthesized Using Different\nPrecipitation and Drying Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto Institute of Technology , , Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku , ,","place":["Kyoto, Japan, 606-8585"]},{"name":"Tosoh Corporation , , 1-8 Kasumi , , ,","place":["Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan, 510-8540"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruhisa","family":"Shiomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto Institute of Technology , , Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku , ,","place":["Kyoto, Japan, 606-8585"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1251-3543","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Saburo","family":"Hosokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto Institute of Technology , , Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku , ,","place":["Kyoto, Japan, 606-8585"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100610484233700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4587","DOI":"10.1039\/b924366f","article-title":"Template-free synthesis of hierarchical spindle-like\n\u03b3-Al2O3 materials and their adsorption\naffinity towards organic and inorganic pollutants in water","volume":"20","author":"Cai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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