{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:45:19Z","timestamp":1791924319282,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012547","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025GXNSFBA069439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025GXNSFBA069439"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013091","name":"Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GKFN2600640250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GKFN2600640250"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013091","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region's first batch of young talents inclusive support policy research start-up funds","award":["301780206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["301780206"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The massive generation of sewage sludge ash (SSA) poses severe environmental challenges worldwide. Ternary blended cement incorporating SSA and limestone represents a promising green cementitious material that enables high-volume SSA utilization, yet the retarding effect of SSA on cement hydration leads to unsatisfactory early compressive strength, which remains the primary bottleneck restricting its large-scale engineering application, particularly at high replacement levels. In this work, the compressive strength development, hydration heat evolution, phase assemblage, and pore structure of SSA-limestone-cement blends cured at 5 \u00b0C, 20 \u00b0C, and 40 \u00b0C were systematically investigated to reveal the temperature-dependent hydration mechanism. The results show that elevated curing temperature accelerates early hydration and improves the 3-day compressive strength, while curing at 20 \u00b0C yields the highest late-age strength. Based on hydration calorimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis, and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), the underlying micro-mechanism is clarified: curing at 5 \u00b0C results in the lowest 3-day and 28-day strength due to sluggish hydration reactions and abundant harmful macropores. At 20 \u00b0C, the 3-day strength is slightly lower than that at 40 \u00b0C owing to the delayed hydration acceleration period, but the substantial formation of ettringite (AFt) and carboaluminate phases at later ages refines the pore structure and gives rise to the maximum 28-day compressive strength. Curing at 40 \u00b0C achieves the highest early strength via accelerated hydration, yet the transformation of AFt to AFm and the accumulation of portlandite (CH) generate an unfavorable pore structure and limit late-age strength growth. These findings elucidate the regulatory role of curing temperature in the hydration and microstructural evolution of high-volume SSA ternary blends, providing theoretical guidance for curing regime optimization in engineering practice. This work offers a feasible pathway to promote the high-value utilization of iron-rich SSA in cementitious materials and contributes to carbon reduction in the cement industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c07009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T11:02:10Z","timestamp":1790593330000},"page":"61537-61548","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enabling the High-Volume\nUtilization of Iron-Rich\nSewage Sludge Ash in Cement: The Role of Curing Temperature in Microstructure\nand Performance Enhancement"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3651-1358","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Minzu University , , ,","place":["Nanning, China, 530105"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaxin","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Minzu University , , ,","place":["Nanning, China, 530105"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Minzu University , , ,","place":["Nanning, China, 530105"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Minzu University , , ,","place":["Nanning, China, 530105"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Minzu University , , ,","place":["Nanning, China, 530105"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101315092418100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2013.09.003","article-title":"High-volume\nnatural volcanic pozzolan\nand limestone powder as partial replacements for portland cement in\nself-compacting and sustainable concrete","volume":"45","author":"Celik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cem.\nConcr. 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Cycles Waste Manage"},{"key":"2026101315092418100_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2022.104035","article-title":"Recycling sewage\nsludge ash and limestone for sustainable cementitious material production","volume":"49","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Building Eng"},{"key":"2026101315092418100_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.129982","article-title":"Hydration mechanism\nand phase assemblage of ternary blended cements\nbased on sewage sludge ash and limestone: Modified by Na2SO4","volume":"364","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Constr. Build. 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General Administration\nof Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People\u2019s\nRepublic of China","author":"Federation","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026101315092418100_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2021.106624","article-title":"Hydration of blended cement with\nhigh volume iron-rich slag from non-ferrous metallurgy","volume":"151","author":"Hallet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res"},{"key":"2026101315092418100_cit50","first-page":"2847","volume-title":"Pozzolanic\nmaterials used for cement production. General Administration of Quality\nSupervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People\u2019s Republic\nof China","author":"Federation","year":"2022"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101315092418100_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeurceramsoc.2004.06.017","article-title":"Hydration\nprocess and rheological properties of cement pastes modified by orthophosphate\naddition","volume":"25","author":"Be\u0301nard","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Eur. Ceram. Soc"},{"key":"2026101315092418100_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2013.06.008","article-title":"Effect\nof temperature on the microstructure\nof calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H)","volume":"53","author":"Gallucci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cem. 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