{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:09:08Z","timestamp":1790698148713,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52274078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52274078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52374086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52374086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52574237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52574237"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24B2041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24B2041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Henan Province","award":["251111320400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["251111320400"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To resolve the low efficiency of gas drainage in soft coal seams caused by borehole breakout during coalbed gas drainage, it is essential to understand the mechanisms of borehole deformation and the main controlling factors of borehole stability with different coal physical properties. This paper investigates the geometric differences of borehole breakout in different preloaded coal samples under various factors using the Particle Flow Code (PFC). First, the tensile and compressive strengths were measured through Brazilian splitting and uniaxial compression tests. By integrating multiple parameters such as stress\u2013strain curves and macroscopic fracture morphology, precise calibration of DEM macro-mesoscopic parameters was achieved. Subsequently, a series of batch simulations were conducted to investigate the critical conditions and failure modes of coal borehole instability under the influence of different factors. The results show that: (1) Through the trial-and-error calibration method using both Brazilian splitting and uniaxial compression tests, the error in key macro-mesoscopic mechanical parameters can be controlled within 3.13%, revealing the existence of stability-failure-collapse states during the borehole instability process. (2) By integrating key mechanical parameters and taking the microscopic parameter of coal physical cohesion (Cohesion, Coh) in PFC as the main controlling factor affecting borehole stability, it is found that hard coal (Coh = 23.5 MPa and 17 MPa) remains stable under stress difference (Stress Difference Ratio, N) \u2264 3.0 and borehole diameter (Diameter, D) \u2265 120 mm. Medium-soft coal (Coh = 10.5 MPa) exhibits a critical stress difference N = 2.5, a critical failure borehole diameter D = 90 mm, and a collapse borehole diameter D = 100 mm. Soft coal (Coh = 4 MPa) has an extremely low critical value, making it prone to collapse. Based on these findings, the critical conditions for stability-failure-collapse states are established. (3) Beyond the critical stress difference or borehole diameter, the V-shaped breach deepens and widens, with its normalized depth and fracture span angle increasing nonlinearly as the critical value for failure increases. The critical conditions for gas drainage borehole instability are universal and can provide theoretical support for the stability of drainage boreholes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c07051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T16:01:50Z","timestamp":1789747310000},"page":"57845-57866","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Experimental and\nNumerical Simulation Study of the\nMain Controlling Factors of Borehole Stability with Different Coal\nPhysical Properties"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xianzhong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Polytechnic University , , , ,","place":["Jiaozuo, Henan, China, 454000"]},{"name":"Henan Polytechnic University , , , ,","place":["Jiaozuo, Henan, China, 454003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5836-7335","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hanyu","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Polytechnic University , , , ,","place":["Jiaozuo, Henan, China, 454000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Polytechnic University , , , ,","place":["Jiaozuo, Henan, China, 454000"]},{"name":"Henan Polytechnic University , , , ,","place":["Jiaozuo, Henan, China, 454003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Heng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Polytechnic University , , , ,","place":["Jiaozuo, Henan, China, 454000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5991-9527","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Polytechnic University , , , ,","place":["Jiaozuo, Henan, China, 454000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Polytechnic University , , , ,","place":["Jiaozuo, Henan, China, 454000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7373-4046","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qingchao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Polytechnic University , , , ,","place":["Jiaozuo, Henan, China, 454000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Polytechnic University , , , ,","place":["Jiaozuo, Henan, China, 454000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2026092911125722000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1007\/s10064-024-03652-7","article-title":"Study of nonlinear\ngas transport in double-porous and double-permeable coal rocks based\non the increasing fractal construction method","volume":"83","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ."},{"key":"2026092911125722000_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2019.06.029","article-title":"Unstable failure of\ngas-bearing coal-rock combination bodies: Insights\nfrom physical experiments and numerical simulations","volume":"129","author":"Du","year":"2019","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Prot."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092911125722000_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/17480930.2014.964040","article-title":"Enhanced coalbed\ngas drainage based on hydraulic flush from floor tunnels in coal mines","volume":"30","author":"Yanwei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Min. Reclam. Environ."},{"key":"2026092911125722000_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jngse.2016.04.043","article-title":"Coupled\nanalysis about\nmulti-factors to the effective influence radius of hydraulic flushing:\nApplication of response surface methodology","volume":"32","author":"Kong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092911125722000_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrmms.2003.09.001","article-title":"Borehole breakouts and compaction\nbands in two high-porosity sandstones","volume":"41","author":"Haimson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int.\nJ. Rock Mech. Min. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092911125722000_cit6","first-page":"801","article-title":"Progress and\ntrends in non-tool rock\nbreaking theory and technology","volume":"49","author":"Jianping","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. China Coal\nSoc."},{"key":"2026092911125722000_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.petrol.2013.03.030","article-title":"A comprehensive study of Laffan Shale\nformation in Sirri oil fields, offshore Iran: Implications for borehole\nstability","volume":"107","author":"Ghajari","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pet. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"2026092911125722000_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrmms.2014.02.018","article-title":"Numerical and experimental\nstudy of the stability of non-circular boreholes in high-permeability\nformations","volume":"68","author":"Lavrov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026092911125722000_cit9","first-page":"2073","article-title":"Analysis\non gas extraction drilling\ninstability and control method of pore-forming in deep surrounding-rock\nwith weak structure","volume":"35","author":"Yao","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. China Coal Soc."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092911125722000_cit10","first-page":"80","article-title":"Analysis\nof stability of coalbed\nborehole wall","volume":"24","author":"Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"China Saf. Sci. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092911125722000_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-017-6509-9","article-title":"Effect of confining pressure unloading\non strength reduction of soft\ncoal in borehole stability analysis","volume":"76","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ.\nEarth Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026092911125722000_cit12","first-page":"1431","article-title":"Analysis on\nborehole instability and control method of pore forming of hydraulic\nfracturing in soft coal seam","volume":"37","author":"Di","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. China Coal\nSoc."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092911125722000_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrmms.2006.06.002","article-title":"Micromechanisms\nof borehole instability leading to breakouts in rocks","volume":"44","author":"Haimson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092911125722000_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/0148-9062(92)92121-R","article-title":"Scale effects in\nrock mass stress measurements","volume":"29","author":"Cuisiat","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int. J. Rock\nMech. Min. Sci."},{"key":"2026092911125722000_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrmms.2013.03.012","article-title":"Influence\nof borehole\ndiameter on the formation of borehole breakouts in black shale","volume":"62","author":"Meier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci."},{"key":"2026092911125722000_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrmms.2021.104769","article-title":"Modeling coupled gas flow and geomechanics process in stimulated\ncoal seam by hydraulic flushing","volume":"142","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Rock\nMech. Min. Sci."},{"key":"2026092911125722000_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2020.07.017","article-title":"An integrated\ndrilling, protection and sealing technology for improving the methane\ndrainage effect in soft coal seams","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Rep."},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"2026092911125722000_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-5162(97)00036-0","article-title":"Instantaneous outbursts\nin underground coal mines:\nAn overview and association with coal type","volume":"35","author":"Beamish","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Coal Geol."},{"key":"2026092911125722000_cit19","first-page":"SPE-81012","article-title":"Application\nof aphrons technology\nin drilling depleted mature fields","volume-title":"Paper\npresented at the SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering\nConference","author":"Rea","year":"2003"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026092911125722000_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.1080\/15567036.2019.1607944","article-title":"Study on deformation and destabilization\ncharacteristics and modes of drainage borehole","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Sources Part A"},{"key":"2026092911125722000_cit21","article-title":"Bonded-particle simulations\nof the in-situ failure test at Olkiluoto","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 38th U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium","author":"Potyondy","year":"2001"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092911125722000_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S1365-1609(02)00041-2","article-title":"Simulation of failure\naround a circular opening in rock","volume":"39","author":"Fakhimi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Rock\nMech. Min. Sci."},{"key":"2026092911125722000_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrmms.2023.105587","article-title":"Numerical investigation of borehole breakout and rock\nspalling based on strain energy criteria","volume":"171","author":"Xiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int.\nJ. Rock Mech. Min. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092911125722000_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JB012676","article-title":"Evolution of stress-induced borehole breakout in inherently\nanisotropic rock: Insights from discrete element modeling","volume":"121","author":"Duan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Geophys Res. Solid Earth"},{"key":"2026092911125722000_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2020.107521","article-title":"A new\nmethod of monitoring the stability of\nboreholes for methane drainage from coal seams","volume":"154","author":"Niu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026092911125722000_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmst.2020.05.019","article-title":"Numerical\nsimulation on borehole breakout and borehole size effect using discrete\nelement method","volume":"30","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026092911125722000_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00603-025-04517-5","article-title":"Evolution\nof pore-fractures in coal under multiple stress paths and\nits effect on seepage based on lf-nmr","volume":"58","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rock\nMech. Rock Eng."},{"key":"2026092911125722000_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrmms.2021.104769","article-title":"Modeling coupled\ngas flow and geomechanics process in stimulated coal seam by hydraulic\nflushing","volume":"142","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci."},{"key":"2026092911125722000_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrmms.2023.105526","article-title":"Crack instability\nin deep coal seam induced by the coupling of mining unloading and\ngas driving and transformation of failure mode","volume":"170","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci."},{"key":"2026092911125722000_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2022.10.012","article-title":"Failure mechanism\nof methane drainage borehole in soft coal seams: Insights from simulation,\ntheoretical analysis and in-borehole imaging","volume":"168","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Prot."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026092911125722000_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00603-024-04056-5","article-title":"DEM investigation\nof borehole deformation and stress induced fracture geometry in coal","volume":"57","author":"Shan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rock Mech. Rock Eng."},{"key":"2026092911125722000_cit32","article-title":"A flat-jointed\nbonded-particle material for hard rock","volume-title":"46th US Rock Mechanics\/Geomechanics Symposium","author":"Potyondy","year":"2012"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092911125722000_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s10706-016-0132-5","article-title":"Effects\nof microparameters on macroparameters of flat-jointed bonded-particle\nmaterials and suggestions on trial-and-error method","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geotech. Geol. Eng."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026092911125722000_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrmms.2007.02.002","article-title":"A clumped\nparticle model for rock","volume":"44","author":"Cho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Rock Mech.\nMin. Sci."},{"key":"2026092911125722000_cit35","unstructured":"Itasca Consulting Group Inc.\n          \n          PFC\n(Particle\nFlow Code) Documentation, Version 5.0.; Itasca\nConsulting Group: Minneapolis, 2014."},{"key":"2026092911125722000_cit36","first-page":"165","article-title":"The ISRM suggested\nmethods for rock characterization, testing and monitoring: 2007\u20132014","volume":"199","author":"Ulusay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eng. Geol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092911125722000_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3208\/sandf1972.17.2_29","article-title":"Co-ordination\nnumber and its relation to shear strength of granular material","volume":"17","author":"Oda","year":"1977","journal-title":"Soils Found."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026092911125722000_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3575","DOI":"10.1007\/s00603-016-1021-1","article-title":"Effects of micro-structure\nand micro-parameters\non Brazilian tensile strength using flat-joint model","volume":"49","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rock Mech. Rock Eng."},{"key":"2026092911125722000_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2018.07.007","article-title":"Roles of model size and particle\nsize distribution on macro-mechanical properties of Lac du Bonnet\ngranite using flat-joint model","volume":"103","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Geotech"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026092911125722000_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1007\/s00603-015-0890-z","article-title":"A study of three intrinsic\nproblems of the classic discrete element\nmethod using flat-joint model","volume":"49","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rock Mech. Rock\nEng."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026092911125722000_cit41","first-page":"60","article-title":"Uniaxial compression\nof rocks based\non flatjoint contact modelling and Brazilian splitting particle flow\nsimulation","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Yangtze River Sci. Res. Inst"},{"key":"2026092911125722000_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-5162(97)00037-2","article-title":"Management of outburst\nin underground coal mines","volume":"35","author":"Lama","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Coal Geol."},{"key":"2026092911125722000_cit43","volume-title":"Provisions of the Prevention\nof Coal and Gas\nOutburst","author":"SAWS.","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026092911125722000_cit44","first-page":"195","article-title":"Area prediction\nof danger of coal and gas out-bursts: Example of application in Jiaozuo\nmining area in China","volume-title":"Management and Control\nof High Gas Emission and Outbursts in Underground Coal Mines","author":"Zhang","year":"1995"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092911125722000_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s12517-019-5018-4","article-title":"Interaction effects\nand an optimization study of the microparameters of the flat-joint\nmodel using the Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arab J Geosci."},{"issue":"B7","key":"2026092911125722000_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5523","DOI":"10.1029\/JB090iB07p05523","article-title":"Well bore breakouts\nand in situ stress","volume":"90","author":"Zoback","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Geophys Res. Solid Earth"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"2026092911125722000_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrmms.2003.07.001","article-title":"Determination of stress\norientation and magnitude in deep wells","volume":"40","author":"Zoback","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int.\nJ. Rock Mech. Min. Sci."},{"key":"2026092911125722000_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511740367.014","article-title":"Numerical\nmodeling\nof rock-slope instability","volume-title":"Landslides:\ntypes, Mechanisms and Modeling","author":"Stead","year":"2012"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092911125722000_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmst.2015.12.006","article-title":"Numerical\nsimulation study of the failure evolution process and failure mode\nof surrounding rock in deep soft rock roadways","volume":"26","author":"Meng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c07051","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/38\/57845\/68557284\/acsomega.6c07051.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/38\/57845\/68557284\/acsomega.6c07051.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:51:20Z","timestamp":1790697080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/38\/57845\/5432854\/Experimental-and-Numerical-Simulation-Study-of-the"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"38","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c07051","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]}}}