{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:06:41Z","timestamp":1790096801241,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"37","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012547","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023JJF160002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JJF160002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52378266"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52378266"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Plateau Green Building and Eco-community","award":["KLKF-2023-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KLKF-2023-001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aims to investigate the hydration process and mechanism of MgO\u2013metakaolin\u2013slag (MMKS) ternary cementitious materials. The effects of different slag (SG) contents (0\u201340%) and MgO\/metakaolin (MK) mass ratios (4:6 and 6:4) on the properties of MMKS cementitious materials were examined. XRD, TG\/DTG, IR, solid-state NMR, SEM, and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) were employed to systematically characterize the phase composition, morphological features, and microstructures of the hydration products. The results indicate that when the MgO\/MK mass ratio is 6:4 and the SG content is 20%, both the fluidity and compressive strength of the MMKS cementitious paste are significantly improved. Mechanistic analysis shows that SG can be effectively activated in the MMKS system with a high MgO\/MK ratio, which not only promotes the polymerization of magnesium silicate hydrate (M\u2013S\u2013H) or magnesium aluminosilicate hydrate (M\u2013A\u2013S\u2013H) gel phases but also facilitates the assembly of active Al3+ to form hydrotalcite-like (LDH) phases. These phases act synergistically with the gel phases, thereby markedly enhancing the mechanical performance of the MMKS cementitious materials. Pore structure analysis reveals that an appropriate SG dosage refines the pore size distribution of hardened MMKS cementitious materials, whereas excessive SG incorporation (e.g., 40%) leads to pore coarsening and strength reduction due to a dilution effect. This study elucidates the pathways by which SG enhances the performance of the MgO\u2013MK systems. Through the synergistic design of mixed proportions and dosages, hydration products can be effectively regulated, providing key theoretical and experimental support for the development of high-performance MMKS ternary systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c07101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T01:02:00Z","timestamp":1788915720000},"page":"56282-56295","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hydration Mechanisms\nand Microstructural Evolution\nof MgO\u2013Metakaolin\u2013Slag Cementitious Materials"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Junxuan","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangzhou University , , ,","place":["Yangzhou, China, 225127"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangzhou University , , ,","place":["Yangzhou, China, 225127"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5207-8753","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yongshan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangzhou University , , ,","place":["Yangzhou, China, 225127"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092211024691100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2022.104412","article-title":"Basic magnesium sulfate\ncement: Autogenous shrinkage evolution and mechanism under various\nchemical admixtures","volume":"128","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cem. 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Doctoral Thesis Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics: Nanjing, 2019."},{"key":"2026092211024691100_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4170","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00463","article-title":"Magnesia-Based Cements: A Journey\nof 150 Years, and\nCements for the Future?","volume":"116","author":"Walling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026092211024691100_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6002","DOI":"10.1111\/jace.17971","article-title":"Pore structure characteristics of\nMgO-SiO2 binder","volume":"104","author":"Shah","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Ceram. 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Miner."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092211024691100_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2007.09.010","article-title":"Characterization of\ncement minerals, cements and their reaction products\nat the atomic and nano scale","volume":"38","author":"Skibsted","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cem Concr. Res"},{"key":"2026092211024691100_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109391","article-title":"Influence of sodium nitrate on the\nphases formed in the MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O system","volume":"198","author":"Bernard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater Des"},{"issue":"24","key":"2026092211024691100_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2004.05.048","article-title":"Al environment in tectosilicate\nand\nperaluminous glasses: A 27Al MQ-MAS NMR, Raman, and XANES\ninvestigation","volume":"68","author":"Neuville","year":"2004","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. 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Technol."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026092211024691100_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5217","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14235217","article-title":"Macroscopic\nproperties and pore structure fractal characteristics\nof alkali-activated metakaolin\u2013slag composite cementitious\nmaterials","volume":"14","author":"Zhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polymers"}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c07101","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/37\/56282\/68453698\/acsomega.6c07101.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/37\/56282\/68453698\/acsomega.6c07101.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:10:34Z","timestamp":1790093434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/37\/56282\/5426668\/Hydration-Mechanisms-and-Microstructural-Evolution"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"37","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c07101","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]}}}