{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:09:03Z","timestamp":1790698143291,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21H01239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21H01239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100021135","name":"Toshiaki Ogasawara Memorial Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100021135","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Obtaining phase diagrams to know the critical points of crystal growth and nucleation is essential for reducing trial-and-error processes and enabling systematic fabrication. However, conventional methods require gram-scale sample volumes and long equilibration times (weeks to months) and allow only limited parallel measurements, making them unsuitable for early-stage material development. Here, we report an open microfluidic system that enables rapid and quantitative phase diagram construction of small-molecule solutions in volatile organic solvents by using nanoliter-scale volumes. Unlike conventional approaches that suppress solvent evaporation using closed configurations, our method quantitatively monitors evaporation in real-time, allowing analysis under open conditions. This enables the simultaneous evaluation of both phase behavior and evaporation kinetics. The system achieves approximately 10-fold faster measurements than conventional methods, and allows high-throughput analysis through dense integration. In addition to reproducing results comparable to those of bulk methods, we observe microscale-specific behavior, including an expanded supersaturation region arising from reduced liquid volumes. This approach provides a versatile platform for rapid phase diagram analysis and is broadly applicable to crystallization and phase separation processes in materials science and chemical engineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c07116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T02:01:58Z","timestamp":1789610518000},"page":"57878-57884","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Open-Microcombinatorial\nAnalysis of Critical Points\nof Crystal Growth and Nucleation for Small Molecules in Organic Solvents"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1291-1509","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Technology, Tomakomai College , , Nishikioka 443 , , ,","place":["Tomakomai, Hokkaido, Japan, 059-1275"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Masunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kumamoto University , , 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku , , ,","place":["Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan, 860-8555"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092911120429200_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05058","article-title":"The origins\nand the future of microfluidics","volume":"442","author":"Whitesides","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026092911120429200_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/b117574","volume-title":"Microsystem Design","author":"Senturia","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026092911120429200_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-3773(19980316)37:5&lt;550::AID-ANIE550&gt;3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Soft lithography","volume":"37","author":"Xia","year":"1998","journal-title":"Angew. 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Eng."},{"key":"2026092911120429200_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.77.977","article-title":"Microfluidics: Fluid\nphysics at the nanoliter scale","volume":"77","author":"Squires","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. 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U.S.A."},{"key":"2026092911120429200_cit19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Measurement\nof surface and interfacial tension using microfluidic platforms","volume":"6","author":"Berry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026092911120429200_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1039\/b715524g","article-title":"Droplet microfluidics","volume":"8","author":"Teh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"2026092911120429200_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7336","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200601554","article-title":"Reactions in droplets in microfluidic\nchannels","volume":"45","author":"Song","year":"2006","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026092911120429200_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4909","DOI":"10.1021\/ac060481q","article-title":"Ionic liquid droplet\nas e-microreactor","volume":"78","author":"Dubois","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal. 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Interfaces"},{"key":"2026092911120429200_cit25","volume-title":"Crystallization","author":"Mullin","year":"2001","edition":"4"},{"key":"2026092911120429200_cit26","volume-title":"Nucleation: Basic Theory\nwith Applications","author":"Kashchiev","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026092911120429200_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1164271","article-title":"Stable prenucleation\ncalcium carbonate\nclusters","volume":"322","author":"Gebauer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026092911120429200_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8906","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.7b01603","article-title":"Quasi-Phase Diagrams\nat Air\/Oil Interfaces and Bulk Oil Phases for\nCrystallization of Small-Molecular Semiconductors by Adjusting Gibbs\nAdsorption","volume":"33","author":"Watanabe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026092911120429200_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5598","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.2c00695","article-title":"Surface Enhancement\nof Crystal Nucleation in Amorphous Acetaminophen","volume":"22","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cryst. 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Rep."},{"key":"2026092911120429200_cit33","volume-title":"Polymorphism in Molecular\nCrystals","author":"Bernstein","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026092911120429200_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-100913-013325","article-title":"Liquid\u2013liquid\nphase separation\nin biology","volume":"30","author":"Hyman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2026092911120429200_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2509(85)85043-0","article-title":"Industrial\ncrystallization from solution","volume":"40","author":"Garside","year":"1985","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. 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Phys. Chem. Ref. Data"},{"key":"2026092911120429200_cit41","volume-title":"Diffusion: Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems","year":"2009","edition":"3"}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c07116","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/38\/57878\/68538986\/acsomega.6c07116.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/38\/57878\/68538986\/acsomega.6c07116.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:50:25Z","timestamp":1790697025000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/38\/57878\/5431729\/Open-Microcombinatorial-Analysis-of-Critical"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"38","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.6c07116","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]}}}