{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:46:48Z","timestamp":1791924408247,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031478","name":"NextGenerationEU","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CUP B73C22001280006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP B73C22001280006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031478","name":"NextGenerationEU","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PE0000021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The design of transparent top electrodes is essential for the implementation of advanced photovoltaic technologies, such as building-integrated photovoltaics, agrovoltaics, and tandem devices. In this context, perovskite solar cells implemented with transparent electrodes can emerge as a leading technology due to their tunable optical bandgap and high power conversion efficiency. However, achieving high transparency remains a critical bottleneck, as top electrodes are typically based on opaque noble metal films. This creates an inherent trade-off between electrical conductivity and optical transparency, which limits the overall device performance. In this work, Au-based dielectric\/metal\/dielectric (D\/M\/D) multilayers were systematically investigated as top electrodes in both chemically symmetric and asymmetric configurations, employing MoOx and WOx as dielectric layers. Through a multitechnique characterization approach, it was demonstrated that the careful design of the selected materials and thicknesses of the Au-based D\/M\/D constituting layers enables precise tuning of their optical properties. In particular, changing from symmetric to asymmetric configurations provides additional degrees of freedom for light management, enabling the independent modulation of transmittance in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions. The symmetric stacks tend to maximize transmittance in both regions simultaneously, and the asymmetric design allows for selective optimization of transparency in the different spectral ranges. The optimized D\/M\/D electrodes maintain a low sheet resistance of 4.2 \u03a9\/sq, while reaching transmittance maxima higher than 75%, significantly surpassing standard metallic electrodes. The Au-based D\/M\/D multilayers herein implemented were successfully integrated as a hole-collecting top electrode into n\u2013i\u2013p semitransparent perovskite solar cells, achieving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13%, comparable to reference devices, but providing significantly enhanced and modulable optical transparency. This strategy establishes Au-based D\/M\/D architectures as versatile multilayers for next-generation photovoltaics with finely tunable spectrally selective properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c07322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:02:54Z","timestamp":1790658174000},"page":"61613-61630","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Symmetric and Asymmetric Dielectric\/Metal\/Dielectric\nElectrodes for Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Palermo , , viale delle Scienze , ,","place":["Palermo, Italy, 90128"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Orecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Palermo , , viale delle Scienze , ,","place":["Palermo, Italy, 90128"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5890-5943","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Arrabito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Palermo , , viale delle Scienze , ,","place":["Palermo, Italy, 90128"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Principato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Palermo , , viale delle Scienze , ,","place":["Palermo, Italy, 90128"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8126-7652","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Auditore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Catania , , viale A. Doria 6 , ,","place":["Catania, Italy, 95125"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3225-6740","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Valentina","family":"Spampinato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Catania , , viale A. Doria 6 , ,","place":["Catania, Italy, 95125"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonino","family":"Licciardello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Catania , , viale A. Doria 6 , ,","place":["Catania, Italy, 95125"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2307-1165","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Valeria","family":"Vetri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Palermo , , viale delle Scienze , ,","place":["Palermo, Italy, 90128"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5931-7668","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michelangelo","family":"Scopelliti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Palermo , , viale delle Scienze , ,","place":["Palermo, Italy, 90128"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3003-9144","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bruno","family":"Pignataro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Palermo , , viale delle Scienze , ,","place":["Palermo, Italy, 90128"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315094169000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6050","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-024-00373-9","article-title":"Perovskite\nSolar Cells","volume":"5","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. 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Mater."},{"key":"2026101315094169000_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22049-8","article-title":"A General Approach\nto High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar\nCells by Any Antisolvent","volume":"12","author":"Taylor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101315094169000_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-022-00503-3","article-title":"Molecular Engineering of Contact\nInterfaces for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells","volume":"8","author":"Isikgor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101315094169000_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201806474","article-title":"Semitransparent\nPerovskite Solar Cells: From Materials and Devices to Applications","volume":"32","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. 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Soc."},{"issue":"April","key":"2026101315094169000_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2025.111055","article-title":"Highly Efficient Pure\nRed Light-Emitting Diodes Enabled by Multifunctional Ligand-Coordinated\nCsPbI3 Quantum Dots","volume":"140","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"issue":"33","key":"2026101315094169000_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12951","DOI":"10.1039\/D4TC01777C","article-title":"Bismuth Drives the\nMorphology and Piezoresistivity of Lead-Free (TMSO)3Sn3xBi2(1\u2013x)I9\nHalide Perovskite Thin Films","volume":"12","author":"Virga","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem.\nC"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101315094169000_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47270-z","article-title":"Upgrading CO2 to Sustainable\nAromatics via Perovskite-Mediated Tandem Catalysis","volume":"15","author":"Tian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. 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Insul."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101315094169000_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31122021","article-title":"Research Progress\nin Field Grading Materials for New Power Systems","volume":"31","author":"Han","year":"2026","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026101315094169000_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44561","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c07225","article-title":"Optimization of\nMetal \u2013 Oxide\nSpectral Filters for Reduced Photovoltaic Heating via Machine-Learning\nGuided Thickness Design","volume":"11","author":"Rahman","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101315094169000_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vacuum.2005.11.014","article-title":"Fabrication\nof Photocatalytic Heat-Mirror with TiO2\/TiN\/TiO2 Stacked Layers","volume":"80","author":"Okada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vacuum"},{"issue":"September","key":"2026101315094169000_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2021.127633","article-title":"Superhydrophobic\nTiO2\/Fluorinated Polysiloxane Hybrid Coatings with Controlled Morphology\nfor Solar Photocatalysis","volume":"631","author":"Aleeva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Colloids Surfaces\nA Physicochem. 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